32 Report of Schimmel $ Co. April 1913. 



sold separately, and it happens occasionally that the light fractions are rejected owing 

 to their being adulterated with petroleum. In the Leeward Islands the oil yield is 

 26 2 /3 fl. oz. per 120 to 140 lbs. of green leaves (= 1,1 to 1,4 p. c). 



In conclusion it is stated that the leaves of Canella alba, known in Antigua as 

 "false" or "bastard" cinnamon, may be mistaken for bay leaves. 



Birch Bud Oil, readily soluble. Owing to its high paraffin-content, birch bud 

 oil as a rule does not give a clear solution either with 80 p. c. (1 to 2 vols.) or with 

 90 p. c. (0,25 vols.) alcohol, but separates out paraffin. When more of the solvent is 

 added paraffin is invariably separated. As the oil is mostly used in the preparation 

 of birch hair-washes, this circumstance has often caused complaints on the part of our 

 customers. For this reason we have decided to prepare a stearoptene-free oil, which 

 we are placing upon the market under the name of "Birch Bud Oil, readily soluble." 

 This preparation gives a clear solution with any proportion of 80 p. c. alcohol, and should 

 therefore be sure of meeting with general approval. The other characters of such a 

 stearoptene-free oil are as follow: di 5 o 0,9756, a D — 6°20', n D20 o 1,50092, acid v. 2,7, 

 ester v. 56,9, ester v. after acet. 185,0. The paraffin which is obtained as a by-product 

 in the course of manufacture had m. p. 48 01 ) after being recrystallised from alcohol. 



Borneo Camphor Oil. The essential oil of the Borneo camphor-tree, Dryobalanops 

 aromatica, Gartn., N. O. Dipterocarpaceoe, is only very rarely seen in commerce. This 

 fact probably explains why it is that reliable literary references to its chemical constitution 

 are very scanty. It was likewise an inducement to us to make an investigation of 

 the oil and to examine somewhat more closely its chemical constituents. But before 

 giving the results of our investigation, which was made quite recently, we regard it 

 as desirable to make a brief reference to the outcome of earlier researches 2 ) which 

 in part contradict each other. Martius 3 ), Pelouze 4 ), and Gerhardt 5 ) all declare borneol 

 to be the characteristic constituent of the oil, while Lallemand 6 ) and Mac Ewan 7 ) have 

 been unable to detect the presence of this alcohol in the oil. The oil examined by 

 Lallemand, which was derived from Sumatra, may perhaps have contained dipentene; 

 it consisted principally of a body of which the m. p. lay between 260 and 270°, 

 obviously a sesquiterpene; but it is doubtful whether the hydrochloride (m. p. 125°) 

 obtained from this body was a cadinene-derivative. Pelouze's "borneene" consisted 

 probably in the main of camphene. More recently, van Romburgh 8 ) has found pinene 

 and d-borneol to be among the constituents of the oil. 



The physical characters of the material examined by us, which was derived from 

 Singapore and which was of a dark-brown colour, were as follow: di 5 o 0,9180, 

 « D -f-ll°5', n D20 o 1,48847, sol. in 5 vols. a. m. 90 p. c. alcohol (with slight turbidity), 

 insol. in 10 vols, of 80 p. c. alcohol, acid v. 5,6, ester v. 0, ester v. after acet. 50,5, 

 corresp. to 17,67 p. c. ester Ci Hi 7 OCOCH 3 - Its odour resembled that of turpentine, 

 while at the same time reminding of -borneol. When fractionated in vacuo the oil was 

 found to contain large quantities of «-pinene and camphene, and from 30 to 35 p. c. 

 of resinous constituents. 



The terpenes which pass over first, after being distilled over sodium, possessed 

 the following constants: b\ p. 155 to 156°, d 15 o 0,8631, « D + 7°32', n D20O 1,46668. These 



y ) Von Soden and Elze give m. p. 50 o for this paraffin. [Berl. Berichte 38 (1905), 1638]. — 2 ) Gildemeister 

 and Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 1 st - Ed., p. 502. — 3 ) Liebigs Annalen 27 (1838), 63. — 4 ) Compt. rend. 11 

 (1840), 365; Liebigs Annalen 40 (1841), 326. — 5 ) Liebigs Annalen 45 (1843), 38. — 6 ) Liebigs Annalen 114 

 (1860), 193. — ') Pharmaceutical Journ. 111. 15 (1885), 795 and 1045. — 8 ) Comp. Report October 1910, 149. 



