104 Report of Schimmel $ Co. April 1913. 



between 158 and 160° (« D + 36°15'), 7 p. c. between 160 and 170° (« D + 34° 10'), 

 residue 3 p. c. The crude product is yellow, the rectified oil is colourless. As the 

 principal portion of the oil consists of cZ-pinene, it must be regarded as a turpentine 

 oil of good quality. 



The turpentine oil from Pinus Khasya contained fewer low-boiling constituents and 

 may be compared with American turpentine oil of low quality: dg§ 0,870, « D — 4° 50', 

 behaviour on* boiling: 162 to 163° 25 p.c. (« D — 1°50'), 163 to 165° 57 p. c. (« D — 4° 40'), 

 165 to 169° 11 p.c. (« D — 10° 40'), residue and loss 7 p.c. (« D — 7° 30'). It is evident 

 from the rotation of the separate fractions that the oil is composed of various terpenes. 

 The crude product was of a yellow colour; after rectification it was colourless. 



Vezes 1 ) mentions as a new source of raw material for the preparation of pinene 

 the familiar turpentine oil of the Aleppo pine and that of Pinus Massoniana. He exa- 

 mined eleven samples of Aleppo pine oils (from Pinus halepensis, Mill.) and found their 

 average constants to be as follow: d 25 o 0,8546 to 0,8568, [«] D + 46,5 to +47,8°, 

 n D25Q 1,4638 to 1,4652. 



Pinus Massoniana, Sieb. et Zucc. (P. Thunbergii, Pari, of the Index Kewensis), a tree 

 which grows on the high plains of British India and Burma, affords about 21 p.c. of 

 turpentine oil: d 25 o 0,8532 to 0,8511, [«] D + 31,6 to 42°4', n D25 o 1,4645 to 1,4650. This 

 oil, like that mentioned above, consists almost entirely of d-pinene. 



We may here also refer to a turpentine .oil from Pinus cambodgiana 2 ) which has 

 been obtained by A. Wichmann 3 ) from the resin (place of origin, French India) by steam 

 distillation. The yield was 19,35 p.c. The oil constitutes a pale yellow liquid with a 

 pleasant aromatic, turpentine-like odour, d 0,892; n D21 o 1,48455. 



Some time ago we mentioned a British Consular Report from Hakodate 4 ) according 

 to which the preliminary attempts at manufacturing turpentine oil in the Japanese 

 section of the Island of Sakhalien had been very successful. An official Japanese 

 publication 5 ) contains the following note on the forest-wealth of Sakhalien: 



The forests are of a virgin character and of an extent unapproached by any other 

 in the Japanese Empire. They may be described as inexhaustible. Among the conifers 

 the principal are the Todo pine (Abies sachalinensis) the Yeso pine (Picea ajanensis) and 

 the larch. Owing to its high resisting power the latter is particularly adapted for 

 telegraph-posts, railway-sleepers, and bridge-material. The forests are also capable of 

 producing turpentine oil and colophony from the larch-turpentine, wood spirits, tar, 

 pitch and many other materials; and there is no doubt that before long a chemical 

 industry for the by-products of forestry will develop. As the forests occur mostly on 

 the high plateaux or in valleys with a gentle slope, the snow in winter affords an easy 

 means for the transport of the felled trees and renders the forests more accessible. 

 When shortly the exploitation of the forests is taken in hand, the forest-wealth, together 

 with fisheries and mining, will prove a rich source of revenue. 



Schindelmeiser has written to E. J. Parry 6 ) to inform him that normal Russian 

 turpentine oil is never shipped to England at all. The fractions with the boiling point 

 of American turpentine oil are removed from the oil in Russia and are used in that 

 country itself for industrial purposes, while the mixture of the high- and the low-boiling 



x ) 8th International congress of applied chemistry, Vol. 12, p. 211. From a reprint kindly sent to us. 

 2) The author is not mentioned. — 3 ) Arch, der Pharm. 250 (1912), 472. — 4 ) Report April 1911, 117. 

 5 ) Finanz. u. ivirtsch. Jahrbuch f. Japan 12 (1912), 204. — 6 ) Chemist and Druggist 81 (1912), 655. 



