IN CAPTIVITY IN LOWER BENGAL. 13 



Breeding. — Hanumans have not unfrequently bred in this garden, 

 and have never produced more than one at a birth. It is always better 

 to isolate the female before the birth takes place, so that it may be 

 better observed and precautions taken to guard against the constipation 

 and indigestion to which an animal in this condition is not unfrequently 

 subject. 



In cases of constipation, half an ounce of raisins or prunes, or one 

 or two boiled onions should be given. No food should be allowed so 

 long as the indigestion lasts. Damp, cold and draughts should care- 

 fully be avoided. The female with offspring should not be replaced 

 among its companions until the young one is three or four mouths old. 

 Should anything prevent the isolation of the female before giving birth, 

 or should the birth take place unexpectedly, the proper measure is to 

 remove all the ill-tempered creatures, if there are any in the same cage, 

 to another place. This is easily accomplished by decoying them with 

 food. A female monkey and her offspring have on more than one 

 occasion thriven without isolation, but separation is advisable with a 

 view to more careful observation and to guard against any possibility 

 of molestation from the other and less friendly inmates of the same 

 cage, especially at the time of feeding. It may be supposed, too, that 

 all animals naturally prefer seclusion at such times. 



Transport.— No very elaborate preparations are necessary to trans- 

 port a hanuman, either by rail or by ship. The same kind of cage as 

 has been recommended for an orang, but lighter,* will comfortably 

 accommodate four of these animals — three females and one male. If 

 the journey is by rail, and to last for a few days only, some of their 

 favorite leaves in addition to the ordinary food can easily be provided. 

 If a long sea voyage has to be undertaken, no leaves can be sent with 

 the animals. 



In cold latitudes and in rough weather the cage containing these 

 monkeys on board a steamer ought to be placed near the engine-room, 

 as severe cold kills them. They must always have drinking water in 

 their cage, otherwise they drink to excess when opportunity offers. 



Treatment in sickness. 



Diarrhoea and consumption are the principal diseases from which 

 these monkeys have been observed to suffer in captivity. 



Diarrhoea in a hanuman is treated in the same way as in a 

 hoolock. Leaves should either be stopped, or judiciously given during 

 the time the malady lasts. 



Consumption.— Several cases of this disease have occurred, but in 

 none of them was it detected until after the death of the animal. 



Wounds and injuries, the results of righting and accidents, are also 

 of not unfrequent occurrence. 



Observations on the habits of Hanumans. 



The hanuman in captivity has none of the sprightliness and 



friendliness of a hoolock or the amusing characteristics of an orang. 



The older animals are generally dull aud languid, and the males even 



savage and spiteful. Instances are known of their attacking and 



* In this case no iron rods are necessary, so that wooden battens may be advantageously 

 substituted. 



