IN CAPTIVITY IN LOWER BENGAL. 249 



Hab. — Found in the hill ranges of Sylhet, Cacbar, and extends 

 through the Malayan peninsula to Sumatra and Java. 



Length of life in captivity. 

 About six years. 



(149) THE WBINKLED-BILL HORNBILL. 

 (CEANOREHINUS COEBUGATUS-(Zto»m.) ) 



Description.— Sides of the head, neck, and upper breast white; 

 the rest of the plumage black ; the terminal portion of the tail deep 

 rufous ; bill yellow with a blunt pyramidal red casque ; base of the 

 neck red, with irregular blue markings ; the bare skin around the eye 

 blue ; the female has no red casque, but the culmen is somewhat raised 

 at its basal half ; throat blue. 



Hab.— Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo. 



Length of life in captivity. 

 A specimen lived for about a month and a half only. 



Treatment in health. 



Housing. — However advantageous it may be in many ways, the 

 hornbills cannot, unfortunately, be kept in a large aviary where num- 

 bers of other birds of different sizes live. They are not only tyrannical, 

 but to a certain extent predatory in habits, so that small birds cannot 

 but fare badly with them ; neither is it altogether safe to keep a num- 

 ber of them, of the same or different species, together, as they are given 

 to fighting among themselves ; but if a keeper is intelligent and watch- 

 ful, and all the birds are healthy, there is no very great diffi- 

 culty in managing them ; the slightest aggressive tendency on the 

 part of any may be immediately checked, or a weak or timid specimen 

 removed. Young, and even newly -acquired old birds, remain very 

 helpless for some time, and they should on no account be placed, 

 on arrival, with the older specimens. For these young or otherwise 

 helpless birds, which are incapable of flight, blocks of wood or stone 

 or low perches or ladders should be provided, and a thick bedding of 

 hay spread over the floor of the cage. A lofty and spacious cage 

 where they can sail about merrily, and one which is neither very cold 

 during the winter nor very warm during the summer, is the most 

 desirable accommodation for hornbills ; branches of tamarind or sissoo, 

 or in their absence stout garan poles, make capital perches for them ; 

 one or two hollow logs of wood, which they may at least make use of 

 as retiring nests should, if possible, be provided. During the summer 

 hornbills have been found to appreciate a shower bath administered 

 by a garden syringe. 



Food. — In captivity they thrive on a mixed diet consisting of 

 boiled rice, minced meat and fruits; small birds and insects are 



