Hagen.] 106 [October 25, 



spot in the red macula, but the internal black border is prolonged 

 finely below it. The cell of the underside of the primaries is 

 more yellowish than black ; the abdomen above more or less 

 largely covered with a black band. The maculose yellow band 

 along the external margin of the primaries consists of spots of 

 very different shape and size, which have been observed in an 

 aberrant specimen to be united into a yellow band. Another 

 aberrant form (figured by Freyer) wants the red macula. In 

 southern Europe, near the Mediterranean, is found a spring 

 form, P. sphyrus, which differs from the typical form by a larger 

 predominance of black color. It is not certain if the caterpillar 

 of P. sphyrus belongs to the black form, observed in the fourth 

 moult, instead of the green form which belongs to the type. In the 

 islands of the Mediterranean exists a very exaggerated variety, 

 P. Hospiton, perhaps an extravagant spring form modified, as is 

 not uncommonly the case with insular forms. The cell of the 

 primaries is black below, the external band sloping to the costa, 

 the red macula separated by a black band from the blue crescent. 

 In Asia the variety asiatica Koll, is identical with P. sphyrus 

 and common in the Himalaya to an altitude of six thousand feet ; 

 higher up, at ten thousand feet, the specimens are very like, or 

 scarcely different from the type ; in Siberia the true Machaon 

 exists ; but Kamtchatka specimens show an exaggeration in the 

 predominance of the yellow main color, the external bands of the 

 wings are very narrow, and on the primaries sloping to the costa. 

 In America the specimens from Aliaska and from Hudson's 

 Bay belong to the typical Machaon. One specimen quoted as P. 

 Machaon from the Dalles, Or., by Mr. W. H. Edwards, is P. oregonius. 

 West of the Rocky Mountains appears P. Zolicaon, and in Oregon 

 and Washington Territory, P. oregonius. The first is said to 

 have the black color predominant, the cell of the primaries black 

 below, in the red macula an isolated black spot, the abdomen 

 above very largely blackish. The description of P. oregonius 

 states that no character belongs exclusively to this species, and 

 that the color of the abdomen would be the only one to separate 

 the two species. A large number of P. oregonius and Zolicaon 

 collected in Oregon and Washington Territory, June 24 to 28, 

 were examined carefully and show the following differences. I 



