Hagen.] 108 [October 25, 



color, the bands smaller, the cell yellow, but all spots and lines 

 somewhat exaggerated. The summer form, according to Mr. 

 Pryer, is P. Hippocrates, very much larger, and very dark above, 

 especially the female; on the contrary the whole underside is 

 very pale yellow ; the length of the tail is exaggerated, and the 

 band of the secondaries larger. But there is no character of value 

 to separate the Japan form from Machaon, and indeed it was 

 described long ago by De Haan as belonging to this species. 



Concerning the larval and pupal stages, those of P. Machaon 

 are well known. Of Zolicaon and oregonius only the chrysalis 

 and caterpillar are known of each, but not so well as to allow a 

 comparison with P. Machaon. The caterpillar of oregonius had 

 in the middle of the first transversal black band behind the 

 head a large gap, which is not yet mentioned in P. Machaon, 

 nor in Mr. Stretch's description of the same caterpillar. 



The materials in my hands for study are, I believe, unprece- 

 dentedly large for the European P. Machaon, for var. asiatica, 

 for oregonius and Zolicaon. For P. Hippocrates I have seen 

 eight specimens, for the others only one or two specimens. I 

 consider all as local forms of one and the same species P. Ma- 

 chaon — and P. sphyrus, var. asiatica, Hippocrates, and perhaps 

 Zolicaon, as seasonal forms. 



It has been objected to me "that when the two ends of a 

 line are represented by such distinct forms as Zolicaon and 

 oregonius, which in certain districts breed true to their respective 

 types, they are to be considered as good species." I cannot 

 accept this statement before more facts are at hand. P. oregonius 

 breeds in the same place in Washington Territory and Oregon 

 together with Zolicaon. But all specimens of the P. Zolicaon 

 collected this year were more or less worn and certainly older 

 than the fresh developed P. oregonius. 



As sometimes spring forms are protracted and partly lap over 

 the summer form, it should be proved by new observation whether 

 P. Zolicaon is a spring form or not. That P. oregonius has not 

 so far been found in the other known localities of P. Zolicaon is 

 of small value, because the fauna of those localities is still imper- 

 fectly known. I have since seen P. oregonius from the Black 

 Hills. 



