Dale.] 186 [January 3, 



the ice stream which has so clearly scored their surfaces and left the marks 

 of its power on every square foot of their remaining surfaces." 1 



As the complex topography of Paradise somewhat obscures its 

 stratigraphy a brief description of it seems necessary. There are 

 no less than seven ridges, five high and three low ones, all trend- 

 ing N*NE. but in places somewhat curved, in others coalescing to 

 form a lesser number of ridges. 2 The first one on the west, I, the 

 north-eastern extension of the bluffs at Purgatory already referred 

 to, embracing pts. : 1,34, 52, 2, consists of a chain of rolling 

 hills and knolls. Its highest point, I, measures 173'. 3 Ridge II, 

 to the eastward, embracing pts. : 3, 4, 33, 5, 6, 7, 8, is similar in 

 its character to, but not always distinct from I ; its northern 

 summit, 3, is 100' but it rapidly descends southward including the 

 two long, low ridges, 5, 6, and two protruding rocks, 7, 8. Ridge 

 III consists of three masses : 11 and 9, which rise but 10'-20'. 

 from the marsh, and 10, a hillock of 30'-40'. This ridge is con- 

 tinued northwards in a line of rocks, 35 and 36, and then disap- 

 pears in a crowd of extraneous boulders. Ridge IV is a long, 80' 

 high cliff, pts. : 14, 39, 46, 48, presenting an abrupt western face 

 but on the east a gradual slope which forms, with the western 

 declivity of ridge V,an elevated valley. Ridge V, about 60' high, 

 pts. : 53, 47, 54, 37, resembles IV ; its eastern face abrupt and cov- 

 ered with debris ; its northern part forms a blade of rock. Ridge 

 VI, more isolated, attains 100' but varies much in altitude ; its west- 

 ern side is a bare wall of rock somewhat shattered toward the north, 

 but its eastern side is much more broken up. The most eastern 

 ridge, VII, embracing pts. : 43, 50, 42, 44, 49, consists of a long, 

 10-20' ridge with two or three masses 30'-40' high. 



Geological observations : Ridge /consists entirely of siliceous 

 conglomerate with occasional layers of argillite striking uniformly 

 N. 30 E. At 34 on the western base of the ridge the conglom- 

 erate rests upon clay schists abounding in minute crystals of mag- 

 netite and dipping variously 20°-45° E.SE. and E.KE. Some of 

 these schists are very finely stratified. The conglomerate forming 

 the summit, 1, contains some boulders of quartzite, 4'Xl', and is 

 so highly polished by glacial action as to reflect the sunlight. 



1 Am. Naturalist, Vol. vi, p. 616. 



2 The ridges are indicated by Eoman numerals on Map II. 



3 Prof. B. Pierce, U. S. Coast Survey Eeport for 1870 p. 19. Washington, 1873. 



