Upham.] 444 [Dee. 21, 



to the east side of Big Stone lake and the east part of Yellow Med- 

 icine county. During its next stage of retreat this ice-lobe was 

 melted away from the whole of Le Sueur county, and its southeast 

 extremity was withdrawn to Waconia, in Carver county, where it 

 again halted, forming its sixth or Waconia moraine. The seventh 

 or Dovre moraine marks a pause in its recession when its southeast 

 end rested on Kandiyohi county. Probably nearly all of the south- 

 ern half of Minnesota was at this time divested of its ice-mantle, 

 while nearly all of the northern half was still ice-covered, the gla- 

 cial boundary across the state passing in an approximately east 

 to west course not far from Little Falls. 



By its next recessions the ice-border was withdrawn to the eighth 

 or Fergus Falls moraine, and the ninth or Leaf Hills moraine. 

 These are merged together in the prominent accumulations of the 

 Leaf Hills, which reach in a semicircle from Fergus Falls to the 

 southeast, east and northeast, a distance of fifty miles, marking 

 the southern limits of this ice-lobe when it terminated nearly due 

 west of Little Falls and half-way between the south and north bor- 

 ders of Minnesota. Conspicuous morainic hills a few miles east 

 of Little Falls, and others in the north part of Morrison county and 

 along its west side, seem to be correlated with the Fergus Falls 

 moraine. Much of the modified drift of the Mississippi valley at 

 Little Falls was probably deposited when the ice-sheet terminated 

 at these hills five to fifteen miles distant on the east, north and 

 west. Eastward from Morrison county, this moraine continues 

 northeast to the north side of Mille Lacs, thence probably through 

 the south edge of Aitkin county and the north part of Pine county, 

 and onward northeasterly to the west end of lake Superior. The 

 Leaf Hills moraine extends from the northeast part of the Leaf 

 Hills, near the Leaf lakes, east across northern Todd county and 

 northwestern Morrison county, and then north-northeast by Gull, 

 Pelican, White Fish and Crooked lakes. Next it probably takes 

 an eastward course, crossing the Mississippi several miles north of 

 Sandy lake and the Saint Louis river near the mouth of the Clo- 

 quet, and thence an east-northeast course, passing not far south 

 of the Cloquet river and reaching the north shore of lake Superior 

 about half-way between Duluth and Pigeon point. The upper por- 

 tion of the modified drift at Little Falls, probably including the 

 stratum of chipped fragments of quartz, is referable to the time of 

 the recession of the ice-sheet north from the Fergus Falls moraine 



