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ages Kings and Commoners have had to learn ; every 

 where breaks forth the inexorable logic taught by the 

 violation of the eternal laws of moral rectitude and civic 

 duty. 



1749. 



Let us then view Quebec such as a celebrated tourist 

 found it in 1749 ; ten years later we will witness the 

 falling asunder of a stately, but insecure edifice, the 

 French domination in North America. 



On the 5th August, 1749, a- distinguished traveller, 

 recommended by royalty (1) — accredited by academies 

 and universities — Professor Kalm, the friend of Lin- 

 naeus, landed in the Lower Town. His approach had 

 not been unheralded, nor unexpected ; advices from 

 Versailles having previously reached the Governor of 

 Canada. On stepping on shore from the " canopied " 

 bateau, provided for him by the Baron of Longueuil, 

 Governor of Montreal, Major de Sermon ville, the officer 

 to whose care he had been committed, led him forth- 

 with to the palace of the Marquis de La Galissonniere, 

 the Governor-General of Canada, who, he says, received 

 him with " extraordinary goodness." His Excellency at 

 that time, the recognized patron of literature and of the 

 arts, in New France, in anticipation of the Professor's 

 arrival, had ordered apartments to be got ready for the 

 illustrious stranger, who was introduced to an intelligent 

 guide, Dr. Gaulthier, royal physician, and also an able 

 botanist. Kalm, henceforth, will be an honored, nay, 

 a not unfrequent guest at the Chateau St. Louis, yonder, 

 during his stay in Quebec. 



The Professor tells how cheerfully he paid to the 

 crew, comprised of six rowers, the usual fee or pour- 

 boire to escape the traditional " ducking " to which all 

 travellers (without excepting the Governor-General) 



(1 The Kings of France and of Sweden. 



