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and to introduce into cultivation. The species 

 will readily grow from cuttings. 



6. Vitis Arizonica, Engelmann, is closely 

 related to the last, and has similar seeds, 

 but the flat raphe, though rarely prominent, 

 is broad and sometimes inconspicuous ; branch- 

 lets angular ; leaves cordate, with a rather 

 open, rounded sinus, not lobed, or with two 

 short latent lobes ; floccose, cottony when 

 young ; glabrous, thick, very rigid, and (espe- 

 cially on the upper surface) rough, when older ; 

 berries small or middle sized, reported to be of 

 luscious taste. 



7. Vitis aestivalis, Michaux. Climbing 

 over bushes and small trees by the aid of 

 forked, intermittent tendrils ; bran chiefs 

 rounded, bark of the mature ones mostly 

 red, and scaling off in large flakes; leaves 

 large (4-5 or 6 inches wide), of firm texture, 

 entire, or often more or less deeply and 

 obtusely 3-5 lobed, with rounded sinus and 

 with short and broad teeth; when young 

 always very woolly or cottony, mostly bright 

 red or rusty ; at last smoothish but dull, pale 

 or glaucous beneath, and never shining ; stip- 

 ules very short and rounded, mostly rusty- 

 downy ; berries middle-sized, black, 5-7 lines, 

 in Southwestern forms even 8-9 lines in diame- 

 ter, coated with a bloom, when well grown in 

 compact, often cylindrical bunches ; seeds 

 rather large, mostly two or three in each 

 berry, rounded on top, showing a very promi- 

 nent, cord-like raphe, and more gradually at- 

 tenuated into the beak than is common in our 

 species. 



This is the well known summer grape, com- 

 mon throughout the Middle and Southern 

 States, usually found on uplands and in dry, 

 open woods or thickets, maturing its fruits in 

 September. It is one of the most variable of 

 our Grape-vines, and hence has seduced many 

 into the establishment of numerous nominal 

 species, while others, and among them myself, 

 have assumed too wide limits for the species, 

 and have classed under it forms which now, 

 since we know them better, have to be kept 

 separate. Among the latter I mention V. mon- 

 ticola and V. cinercea, which are described 

 in their proper places. Among the former I 

 must still retain with V. aestivalis the form 

 that had been distinguished by Buckley as V. 

 lincecumi. This latter, often more bushy than 

 climbing, has larger berries, leaves often deeply 

 three-to-five lobed, and coated with a thick 

 rusty down, or tomentum, which is often quite 

 persistent. Forms with very large, woolly 

 leaves have often been taken for Labrusca, 

 and this species, abounding in the sandy post- 

 oak (Quercus stellata) woods of Eastern Texas, 



and there known under the name of Post-oak 

 grape or Sand grape, but extending also to 

 Arkansas and Missouri, has thus been quoted 

 for the Western and Southwestern States, to 

 which the true Labrusca is an entire stranger. 



This species is one of the most important 

 ones for us, and in the West at least, has al- 

 ready taken the place once accorded to the La- 

 brusca forms in our cultures, not only for their 

 greater, aye absolute, resistance to the Phyl- 

 loxera, but also for their intrinsic value as 

 wine (and even table) grapes, notwithstanding 

 the superior size of the Labrusca berries. Un- 

 fortunately the typical forms cannot be propa- 

 gated by cuttings, and there are a number of 

 varieties which, originating from a Southern 

 home, are not quite hardy here, but, on the 

 other hand, have the advantage of being 

 readily propagated by slips, in some favor- 

 able localities. Their leaves are thinner than 

 those of our type, and woolly only in the first 

 youth ; the bunches are larger, more shoul- 

 dered ; the berries, though small, are much 

 sweeter and more juicy. They comprise 

 among others the Cunningham, with less di- 

 vided, and the Herbemont and the Lenoir with 

 deeply lobed leaves, the two former with 

 lighter colored, the latter with deep black 

 berries. Unfortunately no wild plant from 

 which these varieties might have sprung is 

 yet known, but must be looked for in the 

 mountains or hills of the Carolinas and Geor- 

 gia, and only when found in a wild state can 

 we correctly judge of their botanical status. 

 About their viticultural relations, the body of 

 this work has to be consulted. I will only 

 state here that a slight suspicion exists of 

 their being hybrids between V. aestivalis and 

 some form of vinifera, though the seeds are 

 entirely those of the former, and also the re- 

 sistance to Phylloxera. The variety Lenoir, 

 often named Jaquez, and in Texas Black Span- 

 ish, has been introduced by millions into 

 Southern France, and is there found to furnish 

 not only an excellent stock whereon to graft 

 their own vines, but also to make a superior 

 wine directly, and one very rich in the deep 

 coloring matter so highly prized there. 



8. Vitis Cinerea, Engelm., closely allied 

 to JEstivalis, with which I had formerly united 

 it as a variety, of pretty much the same size, 

 rarely taller. It is distinguished by its white- 

 ish or grayish pubescence, which, especially 

 on the branchlets, is quite persistent, even 

 into winter ; by the angular branchlets, the 

 hair being especially developed on the angles ; 

 the cordate often" entire, or slightly three- 

 lobed, more or less gray-downy leaves, which 



