— 40 — 



smaller trees and from trees which have been prematurely stripped; 

 and Que-tkanh, from branches. 



It would be possible to produce large quantities of good quality 

 cinnamon in Further India, but it is not advisable to recommend the 

 extension of cultivation, because heavy over-production is to be feared. 

 Generally speaking, this industry is in the hands of the Natives, and 

 this is the best way for securing the continuance of its profitableness. 

 Europeans should limit themselves to the trade in the produce. 



According to Bacon x ), another species of Cinnamomum, viz., C. mer- 

 cadoi Vid. occurs in many parts of the Philippines. The Tagal name 

 for the tree is calingag. 25 kilos bark of such a tree from the district 

 of Lamao, Prov. of Bataan, when ground, yielded 2 60 g. = 1 ,04 °/ 

 of a pale yellow oil, with an odour resembling sassafras, and possess- 

 ing the following constants: d^- 1,0461, a D30° -f~ 4°> n r>30° I >52 70. 

 Aldehydes could not be detected either with bisulphite or with phenyl- 

 hydrazine. Fractionation in vacuo at 1 o mm. gave the following results : 



Fr. 1 (77 g.) b. p. 119 to 124 , n D30 o 1,5333. 

 Fr. 2 (9,2 g.) b. p. 124 to 130 , n D30O 1,5320. 

 Residue 11,5 g. n D3()0 1,5278. 



After repeated distillation at ordinary temperature, the first fraction 

 showed the following constants: b. p. 235 to 238 (760 mm.) d^ 1,0631, 



a r>30° -f- o>9°> n D30° I >5335- Oxidation by means of chromic acid 

 resulted in piperonylic acid, m. p. 227 . Heating with alcoholic potash 

 and subsequent oxidation with permanganate yielded piperonal. From 

 this it would seem fair to infer that the oil of this species of Cinn- 

 amomum consists almost entirely of safrol. 



Two other samples of bark from a not specially indicated Cinn- 

 amomum species from the Davao district, in the island of Mindanao, 

 could not be examined more closely owing to the insufficiency of the 

 material, but judging from the taste and odour this bark did not 

 appear to be genuine cinnamon. The oil-yield was i,i°/ . Accord- 

 ing to the accounts of older travellers, C. zeylanicum Nees is said to 

 occur in Mindanao; American planters likewise assert that the true 

 cinnamon tree exists in the back-country of Davao, and that its bark 

 is an article of trade in a small way among the natives. It is hoped 

 that before long it will be possible to clear up this problem. 



Citronella Oil. Since our April Report no alteration worthy 

 of mention has taken place in the quotations for this article, and in 

 spite of all the fairly evident attempts of the native traders to ad- 



*) Philippine Journ. of sc. 4 (1909), A, 114. 



