— 62 — 



be sufficient to bring the total quantity of available oil for the coming 

 year up to the level of an average crop. 



On the other hand it must be remembered that the placing of a 

 considerable import -duty upon orange oil in the United States has 

 introduced into the situation a new factor, the effect of which cannot 

 yet be calculated. There can be no doubt that at the present time 

 the stock of sweet orange oil in the United States is comparatively 

 important, but it is a question to what extent this fact, coupled with 

 the increase in the duty, will restrict the future demand for new oil 

 in the United States. Presumably the market-price of the new crop 

 will be determined by the manner in which this problem is solved. 

 Up to the present time the growers' demands for future delivery are 

 maintained at the level which has ruled so far. 



Lemon Oil. Within the past few years the researches into the 

 domain of the chemistry of terpenes have brought to light such an 

 abundance of material for the identification of hitherto unknown, and 

 the breaking-up of known, terpenes and terpene derivatives, that the 

 time has appeared to us to be ripe for a fresh investigation *) of the 

 terpene - mixture contained in oil of lemon 2 ). After removing the 

 oxygenated constituents of the sample under examination by treatment 

 with dilute alcohol, the residual portion was found to possess the 

 following constants: di 5 o 0,8524, a D -(- 66° 8', n D20° M7078. Frac- 

 tional distillation yielded two principal fractions, one boiling at 160 

 to 1 7 8°, the other at 250 to 2 7 8°. The first consisted of terpenes, 

 the second, and by far the smaller in point of quantity, of sesqui- 

 terpenes. 



By careful fractionation the terpenes were subdivided into 15 parts. 

 As the b. p. increases the rotation and the d-limonene-content of the 

 samples also increase, while the sp. gr. falls. It was possible to se- 

 parate the d-limonene from all fractions in considerable quantities as 

 tetrabromide (m. p. 104 to 105 ). The highest yield was given by 

 the fractions boiling at 175 to 17 8°, where 10 g. oil produced 

 8,5 g. tetrabromide. 



The fractions with the lowest boiling points contain minute 

 quantities of pinene and camphene. We were again able to confirm 

 the presence ofl-camphene. Pinene occurs in the oil both in the 



x ) Comp. Bericht October 1888, 17; Report April 1893, 30; October 1893, 19; 

 October 1894, 26; Aprill896,30; October 1896, 38; April 1897,20; October 1897, 26 ; 

 April 1898, 24; October 1898, 23 ; April 1899, 21 ; October 1901, 23 ; April 1902, 33 ; 

 October 1902, 37; October 1903, 33; October 1904, 28; April 1905, 3 1 ; October 1908, 61. 



2 ) The results of this investigation have been published in a more detailed 

 form in the Wallach Jubilee-publication (Gottingen 1909. Vandenhoek & Ruprecht) 

 p. 439, under the title, E. Gildemeister and W. Miiller, Zur Kenntnis der Bestand- 

 teile des Citronenols. 



