— 136 — 



copaiba balsams, while opposed to our own experience 1 ). The balsam 

 gives a clear solution with ether, chloroform, and petroleum ether. 

 Excess of petroleum ether causes a whitish yellow, flocculent precipitate, 

 while the highly diluted etherial solution is cloudy. It dissolves in ab- 

 solute and in 95 per cent, alcohol with very slight opalescence, while 

 if left to stand for a long time, a sediment forms. Liebermann's 

 cholesterol test gives first a reddish violet and next a bluish - violet 

 coloration, finally changing to violet grey. Dodge's and Olcott's test 

 gives no coloration, while in the case of Turner's test 2 ) the central 

 layer assumes a brown colour. 



By steam distillation the balsam yielded about 2 3°/ of an oil 

 with the following constants: di 5 o 0,916, a D -|- 18 , n n20° 1*5048, acid 

 no. 1,07, sap. no. (cold) 1,60. It is soluble in 9 vols, of 95 per cent, 

 alcohol, as well as in ether, chloroform and petroleum ether. Lieber- 

 mann's test gives at first a blue and then a green coloration; Fliickiger's 

 test a scarcely perceptible dirty colour. When the oil was fractionated 

 under ordinary pressure, about 7o°/ passed over between 250 and2 7o° 

 and about io°/ over 270 . Hartwich concludes from the constants 

 that the principal fraction contains caryophyllene and cadinene, 

 jDut he does not mention any experiments for identifying these bodies. 



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Gurjun Balsam. The balsam {Balao) from Dipterocarpus grandi- 

 florus, which was examined by Glover 3 ) some years ago, has again 

 been investigated by Bacon 4 ). The balsam, when distilled under 

 atmospheric pressure and in vacuo yielded an oil containing a mixture 

 of crystalline acids, of which only a part was soluble in ether. In 

 the fraction boiling at 128 to 13 1° (13 mm.) a sesquiterpene was 

 also detected which, when distilled three times over sodium, appeared 

 in the form of a colourless oil with the following properties: b. p. at 

 ordinary press. 261 to 262,4° (standardized thermometer entirely immer- 

 sed in the steam), 118 to 119 (8 mm.), d-^ 0,9104, «D30° 4~ II ^>4°» 

 n D30° !>4956, ester no. and sap. no. o, mol. refr. found 65,9, calc. for 

 C 15 H 24 /y 66,15. The sesquiterpene, according to these data, was 

 bicyclic and double unsaturated. Attempts to obtain clearly defined 



x ) Report April 1905, 24. 



2 ) Comp. Report April 1909, 42. 



3 ) Comp. Report April 1907, 39. 



4 ) Philippine Journ. of Sc. 4 (1909), A, 121. 



