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were otherwise subjected "to, on their first visit to 

 Quebec or Montreal. 



A man of mark was the Swedish botanist and philo- 

 sopher, not only by his position among European savants, 

 but also as being the special (1) envoy of the Eoyal 

 Academy of Sciences, at Stockholm, and as the repre- 

 sentative of tjie three Universities of Aobo, Lund and 

 Upsala, who had supplied the greater portion of the 

 funds necessary to carry out his scientific mission, 

 which lasted nearly four years. Provided with pass- 

 ports and recommendations to the Swedish Ministers 

 at the Courts of London, Paris, Madrid, the Hague, we 

 find Peter Kalm sailing from Upsala, on the 16th 

 October, 1747, accompanied by Lars Yungstraem — an 

 assistant, skilful as a botanist, a gardener and an artist. 



The disciple of Linnaeus, after having successively 

 visited Norway, came to England ; and after spending 

 some time there, he crossed the Atlantic, viewing New 

 York and Pennsylvania, and finally Canada, noting 

 down, day by day, in his journal, countries — men — 

 manners — animals — trees — plants — ores — minerals, &c, 

 with accuracy and in detail. His travels are the subject- 

 matter of two large volumes, illustrated with plates, 

 maps, &c, and translated into English, at London, in 

 1771. 



(1) Baron Sten Charles Bielke, of Finland, had proposed 

 to the Eoyal Academy of Sciences, at Stockholm, to send an 

 able man to the Northern ports of Siberia and Iceland, as 

 localities which are partly under the same latitude with 

 Sweden ; and to make there such observations, and collec- 

 tions of seeds and plants, as would improve the Swedish 

 husbandry, gardening, manufactures, arts and sciences. 

 Professor Linnseus thought that a journey through North 

 America would be yet of a more extensive utility, the plants 

 of America being then but little known. Kalm's mission to 

 America, however, was due to the initiative of Count Tessin, 

 a nobleman of merit, on his becoming President of the Royal 

 Academy ; to the learned botanist Linnaeus ; and to the 

 influence of the Prince Royal, subsequently King of Sweden, 

 and then Chancellor of the University of Upsala. 



