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nockburn in 1314 by the Bruce and in 1322. His son 

 married Philippa of Hainault in the minster here, the 

 marriage festivities of the two children being celebrated 

 with the profusest magnificence for three weeks, if we 

 believe Froissart, but were sadly marred at their finish 

 by a bloody quarrel between the little bride's followers 

 and the citizens, in which about eight hundred men 

 were killed. Later on Philippa, no longer a child, 

 brought here the Bruce, taken prisoner by her at 

 Neville's Cross ; and in the next century the city saw 

 the, to citizens almost incredible sight of a prelate 

 beheaded, for a Scrope, who was than Archbishop of 

 York, having meddled with one of the Percies plots, 

 suffered in a field near Clementhorpe. Half a century 

 later saw liichard Plantagenet's head stuck on Mickle- 

 gate Bar. 



" So York may overlook the town of York," 



to be taken down reverently next year when the tables 

 were turned at Towton. When the Wars of the roses 

 were over, more pleasant things happened here. Henry 

 VII, soon after his coronation had a right royal recep- 

 tion at York, with Pageants innumerable, and galleries 

 across the streets, whence " sweet cake, wafers, and 

 comfits in quantity like hailstones," were thrown, in 

 humble imitation of the Carnival at Venice. Lambert 

 Simnel sought help from York in vain, for the citizens 

 were loyal, and later on were rewarded for their loyalty 

 by the pleasant sight to north country eyes of the 

 hacked and arrow-pierced corpse of James of Scotland, 

 sent here after Flodden. Next we catch a glimpse of 

 Wolsey, named Archbishop of York, but never resident 

 here or even installed, for the king prudently stopped 

 the installation very shortly before the day fixed for 

 the ceremony by having him arrested for high treason. 

 En route from Scotland to his pleasant English inher- 

 itance, James I stayed here some little time, and with 



