about September 1 cultivation of fruit trees, vines, and bushes should 

 cease. Cultivate strawberries until the end of the growing season. 

 Under most conditions the same methods of maintaining the fertility 

 of the soil that are followed in a vegetable garden are successful with 

 fruit. Where stable manure is available, its liberal use generally gives 

 excellent results. 



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31 



Figure 2. — Suggested arrangement of a half-acre fruit and nut garden in north- 

 ern districts. Row A — Nos. 1 to 3, pecans. Row B — Nos. 1 to 4, apples ; Nos. 

 5 and 6, pears. Row C — Nos. 1 to 3, plums ; Nos. 4 to 8, peaches. Row D — 

 trailing blackberries (Young and Boysen). Row E — raspberries (half row; 

 one variety); erect blackberries (half row; one variety). Row F — straw- 

 berries (two varieties). Row G — bunch or muscadine grapes on a wire trellis 

 or on a fence used as a trellis. Fruit and nut trees should be placed on the 

 north side, if possible, to avoid shading of small fruits. 



All berry plants should be given clean cultivation unless there is an 

 abundance of straw or other material to furnish a permanent mulch. 

 Fruit trees may be cultivated for the first 3 or 4 years if it is not pos- 

 sible to mulch them with straw or strawy manure. Thereafter apples, 

 pears, plums, cherries, and nuts may be kept in sod. Peaches and 

 grapes do best when they receive some cultivation, but they can also 

 be grown in grass and mulched. Manure mulch will take care of the 

 fertilizer requirements of the fruit plants. When manure is not avail- 

 able, use a fertilizer high, in nitrogen. 



Pruning After the First Year. — The purpose of pruning is to 

 develop the tree or bush so that it will have maximum strength to carry 

 a load of fruit and maximum bearing capacity. A safe rule in pruning 

 trees, particularly trees up to bearing age, is to prune them as little as 

 will accomplish this specific purpose. Remove cross branches, suckers, 



i 



