INTRODUCTION. 37 



stated, is the typical form of the whole order. It will, however, appear from the 

 figures of larvae, contained on the third and fourth plates, and from the more 

 full details which will be given in the sequel, that their analogy to the Ametabola, is 

 much more clearly exemplified in the Lepidopterous than in the Coleopterous 

 larva?. The former are upon the whole much better known and more readily 

 observed ; and I trust their analogical relations will, on this account, be more satis- 

 factorily elucidated. I make this remark with full deference to Mr. Macleay's 

 superior merit, and with entire acknowledgment of his originality. It is very 

 evident that I was led to the observation of these analogical resemblances by the 

 study of his works, and the principle being once made known, its application and 

 extension became comparatively easy. Mr. Macleay himself acknowledges some 

 difficulties which presented themselves in completing the chain of these analogies, 

 and particularly states his want of accurate information regarding the Thysanuriform 

 larvae. Of the fifth group, indeed, he says, p. 285 : " I could form but little 

 judgment, as the larvae of it were but very imperfectly known." 



It will appear, in the following pages, that numerous examples of all the types 

 enumerated in the Papilionidae have been observed in Java ; and it will be my endea- 

 vour, as I proceed, to extend my examination to all the larvae of this tribe, which 

 have been described and published, in order to illustrate the position that they can, 

 without exception, be reduced to the Jive stirpes enumerated, 'which are constructed 

 according to the plan of the orders of the Ametabola. 



I have endeavoured, in the diagram contained on the third plate, to illustrate 

 by figures the order in which the stirpes succeed each other, and, finally, meet again 

 and complete a circle. It is necessary, however, to bear in mind that this illustra- 

 tion is very partial and imperfect. It has not been possible, in the present attempt, 

 to exhibit a great variety of forms, and to show the immediate connexion of the 

 stirpes, although, in several instances, the passage from one to the other is clearly 

 exemplified. My object has chiefly been, in the diagram, to show the maximum of the 

 development of each type, while the remaining illustrations exhibit the gradual passage 

 from one form to the other, which in most cases takes place, by an almost impercep- 

 tible variation. The diagram is intended to show those " typical eminences" on which, 

 in the beautiful illustration of this subject afforded by Mr. Vigors, the character is 

 most conspicuous, while the larva? and chrysalides disposed in a linear series, exhibit 

 the almost imperceptibly varying forms which lead along the " basal extremes " to the 

 neighbouring groups. 



As I propose to give a tabular view of the divisions of the tribe of Papilionidee, 

 agreeably to the principles now developed, I shall recapitulate and somewhat 

 amplify the concise notices above given of the metamorphosis of this tribe, and 



add 



