58 PLATE CCXXXVIlt 



and even abfurdities. The force of this remark, however harm it 

 may appear, will apply in a particular degree to the fpecific definition 

 and quoted Synonyms of Papilio Hyale, arid confequently to two 

 other fimilar fpecies involved in the fame error. 



Linnaeus gave the description of Papilio Hyale, as above quoted 

 in the Syftema Natural, from ail infeft iri his own cabinet, and 

 quotes, in the Synonyms, the Butterfly figured by Boefel, Vol. 3* 

 tab. 46. fig. 4. 5. The Works of this author being known in every 

 part of Europe, the entomologifts of that time received the figure 

 as that of the true Hyale ; and relying on the accuracy of the Lin- 

 naean references, the miflake has been overlooked to the prefent 

 period. Fabricius, who is the lateft fyftematic writer on this Sci- 

 ence, quotes the figures in Roefel, as Linnaeus had himfelf in the 

 firft inftance ; and he alfo refers to figures of the fame infeft in the 

 works of Cramer and Schaeffer. An error of fuch fpecious appear^ 

 ance could only be detected by a reference to the fpecirnen in the 

 Linnaean Cabinet, at this time in the poffeflion of Dr. Smith, and 

 from this it appears that every author has miftaken the fpecies intended 

 by Linnaeus, and that Linnaeus was himfelf miftaken in fuppofing the 

 infeft defcribed to be the fame as that figured by Roefel, to which he 

 refers : that the Linnaean Papilio Hyale is what later authors have 

 confidered as Papilio Palano, and that the true Papilio Palano is not 

 a Britifh fpecies. 



Thefe errors are fo complicated that we mufl examine the cha- 

 ratters affigned to each fpecies with the utmoft attention, and we 

 fhall then find his defcriptions correcl, but the fynonyms erroneous, 

 Papilio Hyale is defcribed with yellow wings; the colour of the wings 

 in the fuppofed Hyale is not of that kind which Linnaeus would 

 have called yellow, ffavisj but fulvis, being of a deep orange colour^ 

 much iuclining to red. Either of thefe expreffions will certainly 

 admit of great latitude, but we mufl not therefore confound one 

 with the other. The two filver fpots are not conftant, though it 

 forms a part of the fpecific charter; we have feen in both the 

 clouded yellow and clouded orange butterflies, fometimes only one 

 fpot, though in general it has two. On the whole, the Linnaean 



defcrip- 



