46 MISC. PUBLICATION 101, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
OTHER SPECIES 
Certain species of mountain-mahogany, such as (. arizonicus and 
C. intricatus of the Great Basin and Southwest, have leaves much 
narrower and smaller than those of C. ledifolius; and while not 
necessarily worthless, are noticeably inferior even to that species 
from the browse standpoint. 
Several mountain-mahogany species, particularly C. breviflerus 
and (. eaimius, which have rather small thickish but not leathery 
leaves, are intermediate in forage value between the montanus and 
ledifolius groups. C. breviflorus is considered one of the best browse 
species for all classes of livestock, but especially sheep and goats, 
in southern New Mexico. C. eaximius is taken freely by all classes 
of livestock and is ranked as a first-class goat browse in the moun- 
tains of New Mexico. 
ROSES (ROSA SPP.) 
At a moderately conservative estimate about 55 species of native 
roses occur in the Western States, most of them having some value as 
browse, and several as cultivated ornamentals. Aiso, the eglantine 
(Rosa rubiginosa, syn. R. eglanteria Mill., not L.), often called 
“sweetbrier,” a native of the Old World, has escaped from cultiva- 
tion and become naturalized in parts of the West. For sheep in the 
Modoc region of northeastern California it has been reported as 
fair browse, but worthless for cattle and horses in that locality. 
The genus embraces the floral emblems of four States: Cherokee 
rose (2. laevigata, of which FR. cherokeensis and R. sinica are syno- 
nyms), a native of China, widely naturalized in the Southeast and, 
in the past, considered by many as native, is the State flower of 
Georgia; the wild rose is the State flower of Iowa; the rose, of New 
York; and the wild prairie rose, of North Dakota. 
Fendler rose (fosa fendleri) (fig. 9, A) is a relatively small 
shrub, seldom over 2 or 8 feet high, with slender branches, and 
prickles that are short, slender, straight, and generally sparse. The 
leaflets are mostly thin, dark green, and usually five or seven to the 
leaf. The pink, showy flowers appear from May to July. 
Few western roses have as extensive a range as that of Rosa 
fendleri, the species occurring from South Dakota and Montana to 
Utah, Arizona, western Texas, and south into the mountains of 
northern Chihuahua, Mexico. Fendler rose grows mostly in open 
woods between about 6,000 and 9,500 feet in elevation, typically 
in rich deep moist loam with abundant humus, but also in drier 
and sandy soils; in the seemingly dry sites considerable subirrigation 
is probably available. Frequent woody associates of Fendler rose 
are maple, willow, aspen, alder, serviceberry, and various oaks. 
Because of its abundance, wide distribution, delicate twigs and 
foliage, and relative freedom from spininess this rose is one of the 
most important browse species of this genus. Its moderate size is 
conducive to full utilization and may sometimes subject it to injury. 
It is ordinarily cropped only moderately, but occasionally closely, 
by both cattle and sheep. 
Macoun rose (2. macownii), Mancos rose (2. manca), Maximilian 
rose (2’. maximiliant), and Woods rose (2. woodsii) are familiar 
western roses related to Fendler rose and occasionally confused with 
