48 MISC. PUBLICATION 101, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
dle to subalpine elevations, ranging from British Columbia to Mani- 
toba and south to Utah and northern New Mexico. It has straight 
but down-bent, rather prominent spines. Mancos rose has a limited 
range, from southwestern Colorado, through southern Utah, to 
northern Arizona, in canyons, draws, and near streams, in sandy or 
gravelly soils between 6,000 and 9,000 feet. It is, however, often 
very abundant in this region, and its moderate size, usual accessi- 
bility, abundance, relative freedom from spines, and relatively high 
palatability to cattle, horses, and sheep, combine to make it one of 
the important browses on many areas within its range. Maximilian 
rose is a northern species about equal to Macoun rose in palatability. 
Woods rose is a nonglandular species, with relatively large and curv- 
ing prickles, ranging from British Columbia to Nevada and western 
Kansas; its palatability is not high, but it is in some localities sufli- 
ciently abundant to make it a factor in the forage crop. 
Cluster rose (2. pisocarpa) ranges from British Columbia to 
Oregon and Idaho, possibly also to California and Utah. It has 
slender stems armed with straight, rather long but slender spines. 
While common, this species usually occurs in scattered groups along 
streams and dry ravines in the mountains of its range and is almost 
unanimously held to be a good sheep browse. An analysis shows it 
to be remarkably high in protein (143, p. 40). Closely akin to it is 
R. ultramontana, a tall rose ranging from Oregon to northern Cali- 
fornia, Nevada, and western Montana, and often a range shrub of 
value. 
Bald-hip rose (2. gymnocarpa) (fig. 9, B, C), which gets its 
name from the character of its fruit from which the styles and upper 
part of the calyx are deciduous (fig. 9, D; compare E), is a weak- 
stemmed bush, 1 to 10 feet high, the slender branches smooth or 
else sparsely armed with straight, slender prickles. This is a north- 
western species, ranging from Vancouver Island and southern Brit- 
ish Columbia to middle California, Idaho, and western Montana. 
It is common in conifer forests and other wooded districts, espe- 
cially in the yellow pine belt, chiefly between 1,500 and 4,500 feet 
elevation, and very seldom above 5,000 feet except possibly at the 
extreme southern limit of its range. Its soil is a moist but usually 
loose sandy or gravelly loam, often with a thick humus layer, al- 
though the bush may also be observed in superficially dry clayey 
soils and alluvial washes where there is subirrigation. . gymno- 
carpa mingles commonly with yellow and white pine, Douglas fir, 
larch, twinflower, hollygrape, salal, oceanspray, pyrola, and ferns. 
Although held by some to be only fair browse, all things considered 
it is generally regarded as one of the best of the native western 
roses. It has been named as the most palatable member of the 
genus in Washington and Oregon for both sheep and cattle, espe- 
cially in the fall, when its palatability ranks from very good to 
excellent. Coville ranks it as one of the favorite browsing plants 
for sheep in the heavy west slope forests. 
Engelmann rose (2. engelmannii) occurs from the Dakotas to 
Montana and Colorado. It is rather remarkably free from spininess 
though bristly, and its tender foliage is esteemed as choice sheep 
feed; it is seldom, if ever, over about 20 inches high. 
