IMPORTANT WESTERN BROWSE PLANTS 119 
silvery, scaly, bushy, stoloniterous shrub 6 to 12 feet high, rarely 
becoming a dwarf tree 15 or 16 feet high. The large leaves are 
densely silvery-scurfy on both faces. 
Silverberry is ordinarily met with in sandy soils along streams or 
else on moist hillsides from approximately sea level in the far North 
up to subalpine-alpine elevations in the mountains at the southern 
extremity of itsrange. It is often common and plentiful, growing in 
scattered patches, frequently in conjunction with willows. Ap- 
parently the foliage of this shrub is not palatable to domestic live- 
stock, though they may sometimes take the fruit. 
BUFFALOBERRIES (LEPARGYREA SPP., SYN. SHEPHERDIA SPP.) 
Lepargyrea is a wholly north and west American genus of three 
species. 
Russet buffaloberry (L. canadensis) (fig. 34, A, B), known localiy 
as Canadian, or thornless buffaloberry, nannyberry, scurfy shrub, 
soopoo-lalia, or soopolallie (Indians), wild cleaster, and wild olive, 
ranges from Newfoundland and Labrador to Maine, western New 
York, the Black Hills, northern New Mexico, eastern Oregon, and 
Alaska. It is a thornless bush 2 to 10 feet high, with the sexes dis- 
tinct, bearing russet-brown scurfy shoots, and a prolific crop of 
rather sour fruits. 
L. canadensis is typical of moist, open wooded slopes in the moun- 
tains at 3,000 to 11,000 feet—mainly in the lodgepole, aspen, and 
(upper) yellow pine belts. While usually local it is sometimes very 
abundant and even a predominating shrub, often becoming heavily 
established in old burns, especially on north slopes where lodgepole 
pine is coming in, forming an intermediate succession until the lodge- 
pole becomes too dense for the buffaloberry to survive. 
Tt has little or no browse value for cattle and is usually considered 
worthless for sheep, but in Idaho and Montana it is often regarded 
as of limited to fair value for sheep before frost. 
Silver buffaloberry (L. argentea) (fig. 34, C), locally known as 
buffaloberry, bullberry, and rabbit berry, has a somewhat similar, 
though slightly more restricted range than L. canadensis and, on 
the whole, is not quite so abundant or common. It is, however, not 
infrequently plentiful, growing on moist hillsides, along streams, and 
in bottom lands, at 3,500 to 7,500 feet. It is a worthless or indifferent 
browse, inferior to russet buffaloberry because of its thornlike twigs 
and the rather smaller and more scurfy leaves. 
Roundleaf buffaloberry (Z. rotundifolia) (fig. 834, D-H) inhabits 
_ warm, dry, sandy or rocky slopes, and is confined to southern Utah 
and the Grand Canyon region of Arizona. The species is of low 
sprawling habit and has thick evergreen leaves densely scurty be- 
neath. It is reported to be a valuable winter browse in southeastern 
Utah. 
DOGWOOD FAMILY (CORNACEAE) 
DOGWOODS, CORNELS, AND BUNCHBERRIES (CORNUS SPP., SYNS. CHAMAEPERI- 
CLYMENUM, CORNELLA, CYNOXYLON, AND SVIDA) 
This familiar genus consists of shrubs and small to moderate-sized 
trees. Cornus species, of which about 16 are found in the West, are 
typical of moist woodlands, mostly as an understory in the shade of 
