140 MISC. PUBLICATION 101, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
species, however, appear to grow outside of California and Lower 
California, while all seem to be represented there. They are mostly 
low and leafy, glandular-glutinous or resinous shrubs, and are typi- 
cal of dry, open, sunny hillsides. At least two of the species have 
noteworthy medicinal properties but none seem to have any particu- 
lar grazing value. The two commonest and best known species are 
discussed here. 
California yerba santa (/. californicum, syn. EL’. glutinosum) 
(pl. 11, A) occurs in California and southern Oregon; it is a much- 
branched bush 1 to 6 feet high, and inhabits dry foothills and 
lower mountain slopes, often growing in small patches. The species 
is practically worthless on cattle or sheep range, and only slightly 
erazed by goats, but is one of the most valuable of the indigenous 
west-American medicinal plants, and noteworthy as a honey plant 
and ornamental. 
Narrowleaf yerba santa (7. angustifoliwm) ranges from southern 
Utah to Arizona, southern Nevada, and Lower California, growing 
on hillsides in rather dry situations from 3,000 to 9,000 feet, though 
most typical of the creosote bush association (Lower Sonoran Zone) 
and the pifion belt (Upper Sonoran Zone), usually occurring in 
scattered patches, and in sandy-gravelly or clayey loams. While 
sometimes browsed a little, the species is of very little value except 
perhaps on goat range. 
VERBENA FAMILY (VERBENACEAE) 
LIPPIAS (LIPPIA SPP.) 
Lippia is a genus of shrubs found in the United States and Africa 
but mainly in Mexico and South America, best known by the familiar 
cultivated lemon-verbena (ZL. cttriodora, syn. L. triphylla), native of 
Chile. There are about four western United States species, all con- 
fined to dry, open and sunny, often rocky sites of the Southwest. In 
addition there are about four western species of the herbaceous fog- 
fruit genus (Phyla spp.), which some authors merge in Lippia. 
Privet lippia (ZL. digustrina, syn. L. lycioides), known by Mexicans 
as Jaboncillo and cther local names, ranging from Texas to southern 
Arizona and Mexico, is a sometimes spiny-twigged, rather large (4 to 
10 feet high) bush, with vaniila-fragrant flowers, and is palatable to 
cattle, sheep, and goats. Mexicans regard it as medicinal. 
Wright lippia (2. wrightii), an aromatic, rounded-leaved, silvery- 
green shrub 2 to 4 feet high, occurs on mesas, rocky slopes, ridges, 
and canyons, from the covillea to the woodland browse type (between 
about 3,000 and 7,500 feet) from west Texas to southern Nevada and 
Mexico. The leaves and flowers have a sweet, sagelike odor. Though 
scattered, it is common and often locally abundant, and in some 
places is fair to fairly good sheep, goat, and cattle browse, at least 
late in the season. 
MINT FAMILY (MENTHACEAE) 
This huge natural family is represented in the United States, out- 
side of the genera Hyptis, Poliomintha, Salazaria, Salvia, and 
Sphacele, almost wholly by herbs. 
