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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 90 



Washington, D. C. 



October, 1 930 



FOREST AND RANGE RESOURCES OF UTAH: 

 PROTECTION AND USE 



THEIR 



Prepared by the Forest Service Intermountain Region? in cooperation with 

 Utah Department of Public Instruction 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 1 



Land uses and control 3 



Land and land uses 3 



Land ownership and control 7 



Use and management of forage resources 9 



Range history 9 



Livestock on Utah ranges 11 



Eange plants and their requirements for 



growth 19 



Carrying capacity and stocking of the 



range 23 



Time of year to begin and end grazing 



on a range 31 



Deferred and rotation grazing and arti- 

 ficial reseeding 34 



Poisonous plants 37 



Handling stock on the range . 45 



Wild animal pests of the range and the 



forest 50 



Use and management of timber resources 57 



History of the lumber industry in Utah- 57 



Page 



Use and management of timber resources — 

 Continued. 



Amount and use of Utah timber 59 



Lumbering and milling practice 61 



How timber should be cut 62 



What a management plan is 68 



Principles of planting 70 



Farm woodlands and shelter belts 72 



Insect enemies and tree diseases of the 



forest 74 



Tree species 78 



Water resources and their protection 85 



Water supply and its use 85 



Protection of watersheds .._ 88 



Management of wild life and recreation 



resources 92 



Game, fish, and fur 92 



Recreational resources 98 



Protection against fire 99 



Laws and penalties relative to forest fires. 100 



Literature cited 101 



INTRODUCTION 



LAND IS primarily valuable to man for the products of the soil, 

 such as cultivated crops, pasturage, and forests, for the water 

 it supplies, and for the oil and minerals it contains. In the United 

 States these resources were originally so extensive that until a 

 comparatively few T years ago little thought was given to the pos- 

 sibility of their exhaustion. As a result they have been seriously 

 depleted, and the effects of their depletion are now being felt in 

 Utah as well as in other parts of the country. 



It is not possible to renew resources like oil and minerals. Con- 

 servation of these must consist chiefly in preventing waste of the 

 available supply. It is different with the products grown from the 

 soil. Such crops as grass and forests can be renewed, and the fertility 



1 Acknowledgment is hereby made of cooperation and assistance in the preparation of 

 this publication given by George Stewart, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station ; W. P. 

 Cottam, Brigham Young University ; George Holman and R. Scott Zimmerman, Bureau of 

 Biological Survey ; C. N. Jensen, State Superintendent of Public Instruction ; L. R. 

 Humphreys and A. C. Matheson, of the Utah Department of Public Instruction ; J. Cecil 

 Alter, U. S. Weather Bureau ; D. H. Madsen, Utah State Fish and Game Commission ; 

 C. L. Forsling and E. W. Nelson, of the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment 

 Station; R. E. Gery, C. B. Morse, S. B. Locke, A. R. Standing, J. W. Stokes, A. L. 

 Taylor, U. S. Swartz, L. F. Watts, Ernest Winkler, C. N. Woods, and Dana Parkinson, 

 of the Intermountain Region of the Forest Service, 



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