14 



MISC. PUBLICATION 110, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Foliaceous: Leafy or leaflike, as the 

 foliaceous stipules of certain willows 

 (Salix) or the foliaceous involucre 

 of carrot (Daucus). 



Follicle: A capsule or pod, matured 

 from a simple pistil, and opening 

 (dehiscent) along one (usually the 

 inner) suture. (Fig. 31.) Lark- 

 spur, monkshood, columbine, and 

 milkweed have follicular fruits. 



Figure 31. — Follicle of an- 

 telope-horns (Asclepio- 

 d or a decumbent) : a, 

 Body of follicle, the pap- 

 pus-crowned seeds emerg- 

 ing from the dehiscent 

 apex ; b, peduncle 



Follicular: Of or pertaining to a fol- 

 licle. 



Forb: A weed in the range stockman's 

 sense; a nongrasslike herb. (Greek, 

 phorbe, forage.) 



Formation: One of the main ecological 

 groups into which vegetation is di- 

 vided, as (for example) grassland, 

 forest, and meadow ; or hydrophytic, 

 mesophytic, and xerophytic forma- 

 tions. 



Fr.: Fruit (s), fruiting. 



Frond: The leaf of a fern. 



Fruit: The ripened ovary of a seed 

 plant with its contents and various 

 envelopes. (Figs. 15, 31, 35, 42, and 

 64.) For example, a pea pod, a 

 grain of wheat, a huckleberry, and 

 a rose haw are all, botanically 

 speaking, fruits. 



Frutescent: Somewhat shrubby, be- 

 coming a shrub (frutex). Often 

 used, though somewhat loosely, as 

 a synonym of fruticose, but it pref- 

 erably represents an intermediate 

 stage between suffruticose (under- 

 shrubby) and fruticose (shrubby). 



Fruticose: Shrubby; having the char- 

 acteristics of a true shrub (frutex). 



A term applicable to woody, bushy 

 plants of a considerable size, not at 

 all herbaceous (save for the season's 

 growth) and not arborescent, or 

 treelike. 



Fruticulose: Minutely shrubby; di- 

 munitive in size but otherwise hav- 

 ing the aspect and characteristics 

 of a true shrub, or fruticose plant. 



Fugacious: Falling early; soon drop- 

 ping off and disappearing ; fugitive ; 

 short-lived. Partly synonymous 

 with caducous and deciduous. 



Fulvous : Dull yellow; yellow tinged 

 with brownish or grayish. 



Funicle or funiculus: The (usually di- 

 minutive) stalk of a nonsessile ovule 

 or of the seed which ripens from it. 



Fuscous: Dusky brown. 



Fusiform: Spindle shaped; thickest in 

 the middle and tapering toward each 

 end. 



Galea: A helmetlike or hoodlike en- 

 largement in a flower as, for exam- 

 ple, in the upper corolla lip of nu- 

 merous species of the figwort fam- 

 ily (Scrophulariacese). (Fig. 32, A. 

 g, and B, g) 



Figure 32. — Two types of galea : A, 

 Flower of fernleaf, or lousewort 

 (Pedicularis) ; g, the galea, or 

 hooded upper lip of 'the corolla ; 

 B, flower of monkshood (Aconi- 

 tum) ; g, the galea, or helmetlike 

 upper sepal 



Galeate: Shaped like a galea, or hel- 

 met. 



Gametophyte : A plant which bears sex 

 organs (stamens and pistils or, in 

 cryptogams, analogous organs ) . 

 The term is ordinarily used for the 

 sexual stage in plants which exhibit 

 alternation of generations. The 

 gametophyte of a fern is called the 

 prothallus. See " alternation of gen- 

 erations " and " sporophyte". 



Gamopetalous: Having the petals more 

 or less united. For example, the 

 corolla of a huckleberry, manzanita, 

 bluebell, or foxglove is gamopeta- 

 lous. The same as sympetalous. 



