GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



plants from which cordage is often 

 manufactured; see "cambium." 



Beak: A narrow, usually rather elon- 

 gated, necklike appendage, as on 

 the fruit of common dandelion. 

 (Fig. 11.) 



Berry: A usually small simple fruit 

 having a fleshy pericarp. Grapes, 

 huckleberries, and currants are fa- 

 miliar examples. 



A B 



Figure 10. — A, 

 Compoundly bar- 

 bel] ate, barbed, or 

 glochidiate (i n 

 this case double 

 barbed) tip of 

 bristle on fruit of 

 American carrot 

 (Dauous pusil- 

 lus) ; B, unci- 

 nate, or hooked 

 tip of bristle on 

 fruit of Caucalis 

 microcarpa, a 

 common annual 

 southwes tern 

 umbellifer 



Bi-: A prefix (Latin) signifying 

 " twice," " two," or " double." 



Biennial: Enduring for two years. A 

 biennial is an herb which germinates 

 (typically in the spring of) one 

 year and flowers, fruits, and dies 

 (typically in the fall or winter of) 



Figure 11. — Beaks. A. Keel apex of 

 flower of pointvetch (Owytropis sp.) ; 



B, apex of fruit of aniseroot, or 

 sweet cicely (Osmorhiza divaricate) ; 



C, fruit of certain species of agoseris 

 (Agoseris spp.) ; a, pappus; 6, beak 

 or necklike constriction of achene ; 

 c, achene body 



the succeeding year. Winter annu- 

 als, which germinate in the fall of 

 one year and die the following 

 spring, are not true biennials, since 



they complete their life history 

 within one year of elapsed time. Bi- 

 ennial is often expressed by the 

 symbol © . 



Bilabiate : Two-lipped ; as, for example, 

 the flowers of many members of the 

 mint family (Menthaceae) and fig- 

 wort family (Scrophulariacese). 



Bipinnate: Twice pinnate, as of a pin- 

 nate leaf that is again divided into 

 leaf like parts. (Fig. 12.) 



Figure 12. — Bipinnate leaf of 

 false-mesquite (Calliandra). 

 Each main leaf division is a 

 pinna, while the small indi- 

 vidual leaflets are pinnules 



Bipinnatifid: Twice pinnatifid; that is, 

 having the primary division, as of a 

 pinnate leaflet, again cleft into seg- 

 ments or lobes. (Fig. 13.) 



Figure 13. — Bipinnat- 

 ifid leaf. Each main 

 division (pinna) is 

 pinnately lobed, cleft, 

 or sometimes even 

 parted, but not di- 

 vided 



Blade: The lamina, or broad portion 

 of a leaf, petal, etc. A leaf consists 

 either entirely of a blade (lamina) 

 or else of a blade and petiole 

 (stalk). 



Bract: A leaflike or scalelike organ 

 subtending a flower or aggregation 



