MACROLEPIDOPTERA AND THEIR PARASITES 5 
When rearing cages containing soil were used, parasite cocoons and 
puparia were usually left undisturbed until the issuance of the adults; 
but in the case of cages without soil, the cocoons or puparia were 
usually removed as soon as practicable after they had become fully 
formed. 
Certain species of Hyposoter and many of the Tachinidae whose 
cocoons or puparia normally pass the winter in the ground have been 
successfully carried through hibernation in glass cylinders with bot- 
toms of plaster of paris and with clean sawdust as a substitute for 
soil. The cylinders were from 1 to 3 inches in diameter with the bot- 
toms filled with plaster of paris from one half to three fourths inch in 
thickness. The tops of the cylinders were covered with cloth held 
in place by rubber bands, except in the case of the smaller sizes, for 
which cork stoppers were used. The centers of the corks had been 
bored out and the holes covered with fine-mesh wire screen for ven- 
tilation. These cylinders were placed on a screened rack which was 
suspended over a pan of water. However, many tachinids, such as 
species of the genus Winthemia, hibernate as full-grown maggots and 
usually do not pupate successfully unless supplied with soil. 
Glass vials have been found satisfactory as issuance containers for 
most of the species of parasitic Hymenoptera considered in this pub- 
lication. The issuing adult parasites were cared for as follows: The 
Diptera and larger Hymenoptera were killed, immediately pinned, 
and given a temporary label bearing the rearing number and the date 
of issuance. The smaller Hymenoptera, however, after being killed, 
were placed in small glass vials with similar labels, and were relaxed 
and pinned in the following winter. 
R. T. Webber was assigned to this project when it was begun in 
1915 and continued with it until 1921. The senior author has been 
actively associated with the project since early in 1919, and the junior 
author, who assisted at various times from 1923 to 1926, was per- 
manently detailed to the work in the latter part of 1926. 
As a guide to the systematic arrangement the authors have used 
the following published lists: 
Lepidoptera.—Check List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of Boreal America. W. 
Barnes and F. H. Benjamin. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of 
Science, volume 25, pp. 3-27, 1926. 
Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, Superfamilies Sphingoidea, 
Saturnioidea, and Bombycoidea. W. Barnes and F. H. Benjamin. Bulletin of 
the Southern California Academy of Science, volume 26, pp. 35-50, 1927. 
Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America. W. Barnes and J. 
McDunnough. 392 pp. Decatur, Ill. 1917. 
Studies in North American Cleorini (Geometridae). J. H. McDunnough. 
Canada Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 18, 1920. 
Diptera. A Catalog of North American Diptera (or Two-Winged Flies). 
ieee Aldrich. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, volume 46, no. 1444, 
Hymenoptera. A List of the Insects of New York, with a List of the Spiders 
and Certain Other Allied Groups. M. D. Leonard. Cornell University Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station Memoir 101. (Compilations by Rohwer, Muesebeck, 
Cushman, Gahan, Crosby, and Leonard.) pp. 870-1033, 1928. 
HOST-PARASITE LIST 
The following symbols have been used in this publication: 
The asterisk (*) indicates the number of parasitized hosts rather 
than the number of parasites, since the latter are gregarious and 
therefore were not counted. 
