GOVERNMENT FOEEST WORK IN UTAH 11 



cover to a point that would endanger cities and towns lying below, 

 to damage from floods. For a period of nearly 25 years the appli- 

 cation of sound principles of range administration has demonstrated 

 the practicability of harmonizing the needs of the livestock industry, 

 the farm, and the municipality. 



Inaccessible range areas have been opened up through the develop- 

 ment of watering places and the construction of drift fences and 

 trails. (Fig. 5.) Improved methods of handling stock have been 

 develoj)ed and brought into use. The elimination of poisonous plants 

 and, when the poison affects only one class of stock, the changing of 

 the class of stock have reduced summer losses. Grazing seasons have 

 been changed to secure the best growth of forage, and studies are 

 being continued with the object of making the ranges more produc- 

 tive. Stockmen have assisted in revegetating areas of low produc- 

 tion within their allotments. Each year many forest users collect 

 seed from the more palatable range plants which they sow on the 

 areas that are not producing to capacity. ' The results are improved 

 watersheds and range conditions, more stability to the livestock busi- 

 ness, and greater production of meat and the by-products incident to 

 the livestock industrv. 



F37463A 



Figure 5. — A water development. Troughs of clean water can be substituted for trampled 

 mires by the expenditure of a little time and money 



Livestock owners are showing keen interest in the management of 

 the forest ranges. More than a hundred community livestock asso- 

 ciations within the State are actively cooperating with the forest offi- 

 cers. The suggestions and help of these associations and individuals 

 have a marked influence in improving the general handling of the 

 stock while on the forests, besides bringing about marked improve- 

 ments in the methods of marketing, improvement in the quality of 

 the stock, etc. The old range wars and the hard feelings between the 

 owners of different classes of stock have largely been overcome, while 

 a growing spirit of cooperation and open-mindedness toward new 

 and improved methods of range management has been brought about. 



