FOREST TREES AND FOREST REGIONS OF THE U. S. 



41 



CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST TREES— Continued 



Southern portion — Continued. 



Sycamore. 



Black walnut. 



Silver and red maples. 



Beech. 



Dogwood. 



Persimmon. 



Swamp and eastern cottonwoods. 



Willows. 



Eastern red cedar. 



Osage-orange. 



Holly. 

 Texas portion: 



Post, southern red, and blackjack 

 oaks. 



Mountain and other cedars, and 

 mesquite. 



Northern portion — Continued. 



Roughleaf hackberry. 



Black cherry. 



Basswood. 



Ohio buckeye. 



Eastern red cedar. 

 Southern portion: 



White, post, southern red, black- 

 jack, Shumard red, chestnut, 

 swamp chestnut, and pin oaks. 



Red (or sweet) and black gums. 



Mockernut, pignut, southern shag- 

 bark, and bigleaf shagbark hick- 

 ories. 



Shortleaf and Virginia (scrub) pines . 



Green, white, and blue ashes. 



Yellow poplar (tulip poplar) . 



Winged, American, and red elms. 



The forests of the region furnish large quantities of high-grade 

 hardwood lumber which has constituted the raw material for wood- 

 manufacturing industries in many States, especially Ohio, Indiana, 

 Michigan, and North Carolina. Memphis, Tenn., has for many 

 years been the largest center for hardwood lumber in the country. 



Much high-grade hardwood lumber is shipped from this region to 

 other parts of the United States or to foreign countries. White and 

 red oaks, tulip or yellow poplar for many uses; black locust, red cedar, 

 and chestnut for fence posts, grape stakes, and poles; black walnut 

 for radio cabinets and other kinds of furniture; and ash for athletic 

 and sporting goods and implement handles. Much of the cut of all 

 classes of timber, including saw logs, crossties, piling, poles, and pulp- 

 wood, has been obtained from farm woods. 



This is a region of great agricultural areas with woodlands forming 

 from 10 to 15 percent of the total lands in farms in Ohio, Indiana, and 

 Illinois, 30 percent in Tennessee, and 40 percent in Arkansas (based 

 upon 1930 United States census). Lumber companies and others 

 have large holdings in the rough and more inaccessible parts of the 

 region. 



Three types, or natural associations, of important tree species 

 prevail in the region, with the following approximate acreages in 

 each type: Oak-hickory type, about 44,342,000 acres, oak-chestnut- 

 yellow poplar type, 52,459,000 acres, and the oak-pine type, 35,575,000 

 acres. This makes a total area of 132,376,000 acres of forest land in 

 the region. 



SOUTHERN FOREST REGION 



The yellow pine forests of the Southeastern States afford the only 

 remaining important source of large timber production in the eastern 

 half of the United States. Interspersed with the pine-bearing lands 

 are extensive river and creek bottom lands and swamps in which 

 are growing stands of mixed hardwoods and southern cypress. The 

 region covers the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains from eastern 

 Maryland to eastern Texas, including portions of Missouri, Arkansas, 

 and Oklahoma (fig. 7). The natural conditions are a soil of relatively 

 low agricultural value, abundant rainfall, long growing season, and 

 many species of trees of high commercial importance. The area is 

 the largest of the natural forest regions, with a total of 149,439,000 



