18 MISC. PUBLICATION 61, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



In another stand three species planted together had the following 

 average heights: Short-leaf pine, 17 feet; white pine, 12 feet; sugar 

 maple, 5 feet. C. R. Tillotson reported that in a Browntown stand 

 15 years old white and shortleaf pines were twice as tall as sugar 

 maple. The pines at that time averaged 25 or 30 feet high. Some 

 of the maples were only a foot high. The maples averaged an inch 

 in diameter, the white pines 2 inches, and the shortleaf pines 4 

 inches. It was not evident that the maple had done the stand any 

 good. 



In a pure stand of shortleaf pine, 8 acres in extent, in the Old 

 Dairy plantation (pi. 8, A) the living trees 20 years after planting 

 averaged 30 feet high and 4 inches in diameter and would yield 

 perhaps 3,000 cubic feet to the acre. The average spacing was at 

 that time 3.5 by 5.5 feet, 2,300 to the acre, half of the planted trees 

 having died. In 1913 William H. Lamb reported 8-year-old shortleaf 

 pine in pure stands at Browntown averaging 15 or 20 feet high and 

 3 inches in diameter. Their later progress was not observed in 

 1921-22 because at that time many of the trees had been felled. 



SPRUCE 



Of the several species of spruce that were planted at Biltmore the 

 only one now present in any considerable numbers is Norway spruce. 

 This species was planted in several small patches near the Approach 

 Road, Swannanoa, and Old Orchard plantations in 1911 or there- 

 abouts. Growth has been slow in these relatively young stands, but 

 the trees are now beginning to produce longer leaders and show con- 

 siderable promise. At about 12 years after planting these trees 

 averaged 5 or 10 feet in height, some being only 3 feet high and 

 others more than 20 feet. Their best growth has been in bottoms 

 near small streams, but they are also doing well on higher land. 

 Very few of them have died. 



JAPANESE LARCH 



A small patch of Japanese larch (100 trees) was planted on the 

 flank of Long Ridge. The trees made a fairly good growth in height 

 and diameter, but sprouted profusely along the boles. In 1928, only 

 one or two of the trees remained alive. The dead trees had been 

 removed so promptly that the cause of death could not be ascertained. 



DOUGLAS FIR 



Douglas fir was planted in only a few places on the estate. The 

 best trees of the 5,000 planted by Schenck are now found in a small 

 patch on the side of Long Ridge. (PL 8, B.) There a few of the 

 trees have reached a fair size. The -stand, however, varies a great 

 deal in the size of the trees, in their spacing and crown density, and 

 in the density of the ground cover. At about 26 years of age these 

 trees averaged 15 feet in height and 4 inches in diameter at breast- 

 height; but some were only 3 feet high. 



WESTERN YELLOW PINE 



Western yellow pine was a pronounced failure. About 9,000 

 transplants were set out in the Horse Stable, Long Ridge, and 

 Persimmon Heights plantations. No reports have been found for the 

 Long Ridge trees after planting. Three months after they were 



