14 



MISC. PUBLICATION 110, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Foliaceous: Leafy or leaflike, as the 

 foliaceous stipules of certain willows 

 (Salix) or the foliaceous involucre 

 of carrot (Daucus). 



Follicle: A capsule or pod, matured 

 from a simple pistil, and opening 

 (dehiscent) along one (usually the 

 inner) suture. (Fig. 31.) Lark- 

 spur, monkshood, columbine, and 

 milkweed have follicular fruits. 



Figure 31. — Follicle of an- 

 telope-horns (Asclepio- 

 d or a decumbens) : a, 

 Body of follicle, the pap- 

 pus-crowned seeds emerg- 

 ing from the dehiscent 

 apex ; b, peduncle 



Follicular: Of or pertaining to a fol- 

 licle. 



Forb: A weed in the range stockman's 

 sense ; a nongrasslike herb. (Greek, 

 phorbe, forage.) 



Formation: One of the main ecological 

 groups into which vegetation is di- 

 vided, as (for example) grassland, 

 forest, and meadow ; or hydrophytic, 

 mesophytic, and xerophytic forma- 

 tions. 



Fr.: Fruit (s), fruiting. 



Frond: The leaf of a fern. 



Fruit: The ripened ovary of a seed 

 plant with its contents and various 

 envelopes. (Figs. 15, 31, 35, 42, and 

 64.) For example, a pea pod, a 

 grain of wheat, a huckleberry, and 

 a rose haw are all, botanically 

 speaking, fruits. 



Frutescent: Somewhat shrubby, be- 

 coming a shrub (frutex). Often 

 used, though somewhat loosely, as 

 a synonym of fruticose, but it pref- 

 erably represents an intermediate 

 stage between suffruticose (under- 

 shrubby) and fruticose (shrubby). 



Fruticose: Shrubby; having the char- 

 acteristics of a true shrub (frutex). 



A term applicable to woody, bushy 

 plants of a considerable size, not at 

 all herbaceous (save for the season's 

 growth) and not arborescent, or 

 treelike. 



Fruticulose: Minutely shrubby; di- 

 munitive in size but otherwise hav- 

 ing the aspect and characteristics 

 of a true shrub, or fruticose plant. 



Fugacious: Falling early; soon drop- 

 ping off and disappearing ; fugitive ; 

 short-lived. Partly synonymous 

 with caducous and deciduous. 



Fulvous: Dull yellow; yellow tinged 

 with brownish or grayish. 



Funicle or funiculus: The (usually di- 

 minutive) stalk of a nonsessile ovule 

 or of the seed which ripens from it. 



Fuscous: Dusky brown. 



Fusiform: Spindle shaped; thickest in 

 the middle and tapering toward each 

 end. 



Galea: A helmetlike or hoodlike en- 

 largement in a flower as, for exam- 

 ple, in the upper corolla lip of nu- 

 merous species of the figwort fam- 

 ily (Scrophulariacese). (Fig. 32, A, 

 g, and B, g.) 



Figure 32. — Two types of galea : A, 

 Flower of fernleaf, or lousewort 

 (Pedicularis) ; g, the galea, or 

 hooded upper lip of the corolla ; 

 B, flower of monkshood (Aconi- 

 tum) ; g, the galea, or helmetlike 

 upper sepal 



Galeate: Shaped like a galea, or hel- 

 met. 



Gametophyte : A plant which bears sex 

 organs (stamens and pistils or, in 

 cryptogams, analogous organs). 

 The term is ordinarily used for the 

 sexual stage in plants which exhibit 

 alternation of generations. The 

 gametophyte of a fern is called the 

 prothallus. See " alternation of gen- 

 erations " and " sporophyte". 



Gamopetalous : Having the petals more 

 or less united. For example, the 

 corolla of a huckleberry, manzanita, 

 bluebell, or foxglove is gamopeta- 

 lous. The same as sympetalous. 



