34 



MISC. PUBLICATION 110, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Spinescent: Becoming spiny; tapering 

 to a rigid, sharp point. Said espe- 

 cially of the sharp-pointed tips of 

 branches such as are characteristic, 

 for example, of numerous southwest- 

 ern shrubs. 



Spinose: Beset with spines or thorns, 

 as the spinose branches of barberry. 



Spinule: A small or minute spine. 



Spinulose: Minutely spiny; beset with 

 spinules. 



Sporange: Same as sporangium. 



Sporangium (pi. -ia) : The minute, 

 usually globular case in which the 

 spores of seedless plants (crypto- 

 gams) are produced and somewhat 

 analogous to the ovary of a flower- 

 ing (seed) plant. 



Spore: The 1-celled, powderlike fruit- 

 ing body (somewhat analogous to a 

 seed in a seed plant) of a crypto- 

 gam, produced asexually, and with- 

 out an embryo. 



Sporophore: That part or organ of a 

 sporophyte which produces the 

 spores. 



Sporophyte: A spore plant; a spore- 

 producing plant ; the asexual plant 

 developed sexually from the gameto- 

 phyte of a cryptogam. The sexless 

 plants ordinarily recognized as 

 ferns are sporophytes which grow 

 from fertilized eggs (oospores) pro- 

 duced in the preceding sexual gen- 

 eration. See alternation of genera- 

 tions. 



Spur: A hollow, saclike, or tubular ex- 

 tension of a floral organ, as in co- 

 lumbine, larkspur, or violet flowers. 



Squama (pi. -ce) : A plant organ or 

 part resembling a scale of a fish. 

 Same as scale. 



Squamate: Same as squamous. 



Squamella (pi. -ce) : A chaffy bract 

 or scalelike appendage in the pap- 

 pus of a composite; a small scale. 



Squamellate: Same as squamulose. 



Squamose, or squamous: Scaly; pro- 

 vided with squanise. 



Squamule: A small scale. Sometimes 

 used as a synonym of lodicule. 



Squamulose: Provided with squamel- 

 lse, or small bracts or scales ; mi- 

 nutely squamous. 



Squarrose: Having the parts or ap- 

 pendages widespreading. As the 

 squarrose scale prickles of a digger 

 pine cone, or the squarrose involu- 

 cral bracts (phyllaries) of the 

 Machseranthera subgenus of the 

 genus Aster. 



Stamen: A male floral organ which 

 bears pollen grains; it usually con- 

 sists of a filament, or stalk, and an 

 anther, or pollen sac. (Fig. 69.) 



Staminate: Male; bearing stamens, or 

 pollen-producing organs, only. Ex- 

 pressed by the symbol $ (Mars' 

 dart). 



Standard: The uppermost petal of a 

 papilionaceous flower (i. e., of a pea 

 family flower). 

 (Fig. 48, a.) 

 Often called the 

 banner, or vex- 

 illum. 



Stellate: Starlike 

 or starshaped, 

 the slender seg- 

 ments or divi- 

 sions radiating 

 from a common 

 center ; as, for 

 example, the 

 stellate hairs of 

 certain species of globemallow ( Sphse- 

 ralcea) and whitlow wort (Draba). 



Sterile: Barren; said of shoots that 

 produce leaves but no flowers ; of 

 anthers (pollen sacs) that are rudi- 

 mentary and do not function, etc. ; 

 also synonymous with imperfect. 



Stigma: The part (usually the tip and 

 mostly sticky or hairy) of a pistil 

 through which fertilization by the 

 pollen grain is accomplished. (Fig. 

 66, B, a.) 



Stipe: A stalklike support of an organ 

 or part, as the leafstalk of a fern ; 

 a slender stalklike narrowing as of 

 the base of an ovary or a pod. ( Fig. 

 70, &.) 



Figure 69. — A sta- 

 men : a, Anther ; 

 &, filament 



Figure 70. — St.ipi.tate capsule or 

 pod of Rocky Mountain bee- 

 weed (Cleome serrulata) : a, 

 Pedicel ; o, stipe ; c } body of 

 capsule 



Stipitate: Provided with a stipe, or 

 slender and stalklike base. (Fig. 

 70.) 



Stipulate: Provided with stipules. 



Stipule: One of a pair of appendages 

 borne at the base of certain petioles, 

 or leafstalks ; often the stipules are 

 more or less united. (Fig. 71.) 



Stolon: A trailing or reclining branch, 

 above ground, which strikes root 



