IMPORTANT NORTH AMERICAN FOREST INSECTS 19 



THE CATALPA SPHINX 



Ceratomia catalpae Bdv. 



Catalpas are frequently defoliated by the caterpillar of the catalpa 

 sphinx moth. When the trees are grown in plantations this insect 

 occasionally becomes extremely abundant and destructive. The most 

 serious injury has occurred in the Ohio Valley {44i 48), 



THE LARCH CASE-BEARER 



Coleophora lariceUa Hbn. 



The larch case-bearer, introduced from Europe, has become widely 

 distributed in the northeastern part of the United States, the Lake 

 States, and Canada and is causing considerable injury to larch. An 

 extensive outbreak of this insect occurred in New England from 

 1923 to 1925 and in Maine thousands of acres of larch were de- 

 foliated. The trees whidh were stripped annually began to die 

 in 1926. 



THE PANDORA MOTH 



Coloradia pandora Blake 



This species causes serious defoliation of western yellow pine and 

 lodgepole pine growing on the volcanic soils east of the Sierra 

 Nevada and Cascade Ranges in California and Oregon. Trees are 

 defoliated only in alternate years and, although few die as a direct 

 result of defoliation, they are rendered more susceptible to bark- 

 beetle attack (5-5). 



THE YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR 



Datana ministra Walk. 



THE WALNUT CATERPILLAR 



Datana integerrima G. & R. 



These two species of Datana are occasionally important. The 

 yellow-necked caterpillar is a general feeder and is sometimes abun- 

 dant in hardwood forests. The walnut caterpillar is a frequent 

 defoliator of walnut trees throughout the eastern hardwood belt (25. 



THE HEMLOCK LOOPERS 



Ellopia spp. 



Hemlock, spruce, and Douglas fir in the Lake States and on the 

 Pacific coast are sometimes very severely defoliated and killed by 

 several species of caterpillars belonging to the genus Ellopia. E, 

 Hscellaria Gn. in the Lake States, E. somniaria Hulst in the northern 

 Pacific States, and an undetermined species in California are the 

 most important (28). 



THE DOUGLAS FIR LOOPER 



Galenara sp. 



At higher elevations in the spruce-fir type of the southern Rocky 

 Mountain region, particularly in New Mexico, the Douglas fir looper 



