16 MISC. PUBLICATION 74, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



ACOEN GALL MAKERS 



Cynipidae 



A number of 4-winged gallflies destroy large quantities of oak 

 seed by producing gall formations in the cotyledons. They lower 

 the natural reproduction of oak and are also responsible for a heavy 

 loss in collected seed (26). 



SEED CHALCIDS 



Megastigmus albifrons Walk. 



Megastigmus milleri Rohwer 



Megastigmus piceae Rohwer 



Megastigmus pinus Parfitt 



Megastigmus spermatrophus Wachtl 



The seeds of many trees are attacked by certain chalcids that feed 

 on plant tissue. These small, 4-winged flies destroy the seeds of pine, 

 spruce, fir, juniper, and many other trees. The Douglas fir chalcid 

 (Megastigmus spermatrophus) is at times particularly destructive 

 {50). 



THE PALES WEEVIL 



Hylobius pales Boh. 



The pales weevil destroys young pine seedlings. The larvae breed 

 in green pine stumps and logs, and the adults girdle pine seedlings 

 from 1 to 5 years old by feeding at the base. The inroads of this 

 beetle frequently make several plantings necessary in order that a 

 fully stocked stand may be secured. 



The species is injurious chiefly in the New England States (56). 



THE PINE BARK LOUSE 



(Chermes) Pineus pinicorticis Fitch 



The pine bark louse, a relative of the spruce twig gall lice, occurs 

 on the bark and needles of white pine producing a waxy secretion 

 which appears as a whitish gray mold. Trees heavily infested for 

 several years show the effect in scant, poor-colored foliage and 

 stunted new growth. 



MAY BEETLES OR WHITE GRUBS 



Phyllophaga spp. 



The control of the larvae or white grubs of a number of species 

 of May beetles constitutes an important problem in nurseries of 

 both forest and ornamental stock. These insects kill large numbers 

 of both evergreen and deciduous seedling trees and shrubs by feeding 

 on the roots. The beetles when abundant defoliate hardwood trees 



(«)■ 



THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL 



Pissodes strobi Peck 



The white pine weevil is the most serious pest of white pine in 

 the Non aeastern States. Successive killing of the terminal shoots 



^ 



