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IMPORTANT NORTH AMERICAN FOREST INSECTS 13 



THE PINE SAWYERS 



t Monochamus spp. 



Several species of pine sawyers are of economic importance, 

 namely, Monochamus titillator Fab. in the Southeast, M. scutellatus 

 Say and M. confusor Kirby in the Northeast, and 31. maculosus 

 Hald. in the West. They attack dying and recently felled pine, 

 spruce, and fir, their work resulting in a high percentage of culled 

 lumber. Following windfalls and burns these species are especially 

 destructive, causing rapid deterioration of the timber before it can 

 be salvaged. M. marmorator Kirby attacks and kills living fir 

 {Abies balsamea) in the Northeastern States and Canada (18, 67). 



THE BANDED ASH BORER 



Neoclytus capraea Say 



The banded ash borer is of considerable economic importance in 

 the eastern part of the United States, causing extensive damage to 

 the sapwood and outer heartwood of recently felled and partly sea- 

 soned ash logs. In some large operations the grub of this beetle has 

 been known to have completely destroyed the entire cut of one season 

 (18, 62, 68). 



THE GRAY ASH BORER 



Neoclytus conjunctus LeConte 



This beetle has habits similar to those of the banded ash borer. 

 The grub mines the sapwood and heartwood of ash and oak. It is a 

 common species in the Rocky Mountain region and in the Pacific 

 Coast States (18). 



THE RED-HEADED ASH BORER 



Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fab. 



The red-headed ash borer attacks recently felled hardwoods of a 

 number of varieties, often causing from 20 to 90 per cent loss in the 

 lowering of the grade of the lumber. Ash and hickory particularly 

 are selected for attack. Green logs, felled during the summer in 

 the Gulf coast and Mississippi Delta areas and left in the woods for 

 several weeks before being removed, often suffer a total loss as the 

 result of the activities of this insect (18, 68) . 



THE POLE BORER 



Parandra orunnea Fab. 



The pole borer is a fairly large wood borer which causes consider- 

 able damage to the bases of telephone poles and to shade trees 

 throughout the eastern part of the United States. Telephone poles 

 are sometimes completely severed, and the entire heart is eaten out 

 of shade trees causing large limbs to fall or the entire tree to 

 break over. 



THE TANBARK BORER 



Phymatodes variabilis Fab. 



The tanbark borer is of economic importance in the tanbark indus- 

 tries. The grub of this beetle mines chiefly in the bark of oak 

 (18, 39, 68). 



