COVERAGE OF THIS VOLUME 



"Atlas of United States Trees, Volume 5, Florida" continues the 

 presentation of Florida species reported in Volumes 1 and 4. The 

 Forest Service "Check List of Native and Naturalized Trees of the 

 United States" (Little 1953) serves as a basis for the species in- 

 cluded as trees, their accepted scientific names, and their approved 

 common names. That reference contains other common names in 

 use (Index of Common Names, p. 451-472) and current synonyms 

 of the scientific names. Thus, names of species not found in this 

 volume may be traced and correlated. "Tree Names" (page 4) 

 contains several minor changes in nomenclature to be incorporated 

 in the forthcoming revision of the Check List. 



The Check List apparently is the only current compilation of the 

 native woody-plant species that reach tree size and that should be 

 mapped in this Atlas. Obviously, the number of tree species in- 

 cluded here depends somewhat upon the definition used. That of 

 the Check List (Little 1953, p. 5) is followed and repeated below, 

 with insertion of approximate metric equivalents (and slight in- 

 crease in height to agree) : Trees are defined as woody plants hav- 

 ing one erect perennial stem or trunk at least 3 inches (7.5 centi- 

 meters) in diameter at breast height (4.5 feet or 1.3 meters), a 

 more or less definitely formed crown of foliage, and a height of 

 at least 13 feet (4 meters) . 



Species whose individuals sometimes reach the above dimensions 

 somewhere within their natural range in the continental United 

 States have been included in this Atlas as well as in the Check List. 

 Some shrubby species attain tree size southward. Their inclusion 

 has increased the scope of this reference and number of maps. 



The trees of this volume are classed as gymnosperms, composed 

 of plants with naked seeds and without true flowers, and angio- 

 sperms, or flowering plants. Conifers or cone-bearing plants, known 

 also as softwoods, include the needleleaf evergreens and belong to 

 the gymnosperms. 



Most of Florida's tree species of angiosperms are hardwoods, 

 They are classed as dicotyledons, flowering plants with trunks of 

 bark and wood, usually hard, which increases in thickness by 

 annual growth rings. Also included in this volume are monocoty- 

 ledons, flowering plants whose trunks are not divided into bark 

 and wood and whose less compact woody tissue does not increase in 

 thickness by growth rings. Examples are 2 species of yucca, Yucca, 

 and 9 of palms. 



The native trees of Florida (excluding hawthorn, Crataegus) 

 mapped in this volume total 262 species in 147 genera and 63 

 plant families. They may be grouped further into conifers, 13 

 species in 5 genera and 4 families; monocotyledons, 11 species in 

 8 genera and 2 families; and dicotyledons, 238 species in 134 

 genera and 57 families. A botanical index of genera and families 

 appeared in the Check List (Little 1953, p. 445-450) . 



The 10 Florida species of hawthorn (Crataegus) listed below in- 

 crease the State total to about 272 tree species. (However, Kurz and 

 Godfrey (1962) described and illustrated 18 species of Crataegus 

 in northern Florida.) 



Crataegus aestivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gray, May hawthorn 



Crataegus crus-galli L., cockspur hawthorn 



Crataegus flava Ait., yellow hawthorn 



Crataegus lacrimata Small, Pensacola hawthorn 



Crataegus marshallii Eggl., parsley hawthorn 



Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medic, Washington hawthorn 



Crataegus pulcherrima Ashe, beautiful hawthorn 



Crataegus spathulata Michx., littlehip hawthorn 



Crataegus uniflora Muenchh., one-flower hawthorn 

 Crataegus viridis L., green hawthorn 



The richness of the tropical flora of South Florida is shown by 

 the 98 tropical species with large maps. They are distributed among 

 75 genera and 38 plant families. These totals add 71 mostly 

 tropical genera and 24 families to the Florida trees mapped in 

 previous volumes. 



Largest genera of Florida trees, as summarized in Volume 5, are: 

 oak (Quercus), 19 species; holly (Ilex), 12; hawthorn (Crataegus), 

 10; pine (Pinus), 7; hickory (Carya), magnolia (Magnolia), and 

 cherry — plum (Prunus), 6 each; and maple (Acer), 5. 



Several tropical species common in South Florida are omitted 

 because they are naturalized, rather than native. Examples are: 

 Cocos nucijera L., coconut; Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. 

 Blake, cajeput-tree; and Psidium guajava L., guava. 



Florida possesses more species of native trees than any other 

 State of the continental United States. Texas, where subtropical 

 plants also grow, is second with about 220 tree species (also about 

 15 of hawthorn, Crataegus) . However, Hawaii, the 50th State, has 

 more than 300 species of native tropical trees (about 370 have been 

 named). Approximately 540 are found in the Commonwealth of 

 Puerto Rico. 



PREPARATION OF THE MAPS 



The maps in this volume have been compiled from various 

 sources, following the procedure explained in the first volume. 

 Principal records on tree distribution include publications, her- 

 barium specimens, field work, and review by local specialists. 



The more detailed publications with information about tree dis- 

 tribution in Florida are listed under Selected References (p. 20) . 

 Examples are tree guides, floras, manuals, and taxonomic mono- 

 graphs, some with maps. The classic Manual by Sargent (1926) 

 contains important locality records. 



Though more than one-fourth of the States now have publica- 

 tions with distribution maps of all or most native tree species, 

 Florida has not been so covered previously. Ward (1963) has 

 begun a series of contributions to the flora of Florida with species 

 maps of distribution by counties, the first on the genus Pinus. 



John Kunkel Small (1869-1938) prepared many publications 

 with distribution notes based upon his extensive field work in 

 Florida, especially the southern part with its tropical flora. He 

 wrote handbooks of Florida trees and shrubs (Small 1913c, 1913d, 

 1917), local floras of the Florida Keys and Miami (Small 1913a, 

 1913b) , and manuals of the flora of the Southeastern United States 

 (Small 1903, 1933). 



The current reference on the native trees of Florida is by West 

 and Arnold (1956), first issued in 1946. Kurz and Godfrey (1962) 

 described the trees of nothern Florida, and Craighead (1971) 

 issued the first volume of his work on the trees of South Florida. 

 Stevenson (1969) prepared a concise guide to the trees of Ever- 

 glades National Park and the Florida Keys, with small general 

 maps. Earlier, Buswell (1945, 1946) wrote bulletins on the native 

 trees and shrubs of South Florida. The descriptive manual of the 

 seed plants of southern peninsular Florida by Long and Lakela 

 ( 1971 ) contains brief notes on ranges. 



Additional distribution records have been contributed by local 

 floras, for example, the Tampa Bay area by Lakela et al. (1976), 

 Alachua County by Murrill (1937, 1939), and the three southern- 



