most counties by Lakela and Craighead (1965). Islands with pub- 

 lished plant lists include the Sand Keys (Millspaugh 1907), Key 

 West (Melvill 1884 1 , Big Pine Key and surrounding keys (Dickson, 

 Woodbury, and Taylor 1953), Sanibel Island (Cooley 1955), and 

 St. Vincent Island (McAtee 1913) . 



One of the most detailed sources of information for tree distri- 

 bution in southern peninsular Florida is the recent report by 

 Alexander and Crook ( 1975 ) . Their South Florida ecological study 

 financed by the National Park Service contains plant lists of 100 

 quadrats, each 1 square mile in area, dispersed through 8 counties 

 from Lake Okeechobee southward. 



Herbarium specimens have been an important source for the 

 preparation of the Florida maps, as for other volumes. The com- 

 piler twice visited four large university herbaria within the State 

 to copy locality records from unpublished maps and specimen 

 labels. These are the University of Florida at Gainesville, Florida 

 State University at Tallahassee, University of South Florida at 

 Tampa, and University of Miami at Coral Gables. For the pub- 

 lished flora the detailed maps at the University of South Florida 

 based upon large collections in the southern part of the State 

 were very helpful. Credit is due all curators for the privilege of con- 

 sulting the herbaria and for their cooperation in supplying these 

 records. 



Maps of vegetation, forest types, topography, and landforms 

 have been very useful in location of lines along borders of ranges. 

 In this Atlas volume, the main source of vegetation boundaries 

 has been the vegetation map of Florida by Davis (1967). Other 

 useful maps were Vegetation by A. W. Kiichler, National Atlas 

 Sheet No. 90 (U.S. Geological Survey 1970), and Forest Types, 

 National Atlas Sheet No. 182, prepared by the Forest Service. The 

 last was reduced and adapted slightly for inclusion in the first 

 volume as overlay map 9, Major Forest Types. That overlay can be 

 adapted also for the 164 species maps of the same scale in this 

 Atlas volume. 



These maps have been prepared through the years along with 

 other work by the compiler and an assistant. The tropical species, 

 not covered in early Forest Service maps, were added in 1962. 

 Sources of most locality records were indicated on the working 

 maps and could be traced if necessary. However, detailed record- 

 keeping and reproduction of numerous dots on most maps (such as 

 those made by computers) would have added greatly to the time 

 and cost of preparation without increasing the accuracy and would 

 have delayed publication. The compiler's field work in Florida 

 began with studies of the trees of the Miami area in September 

 1950, the pines in January 1951, and the trees of Big Pine Key in 

 September 1952. 



For assistance in preparing and drafting maps, credit is due 

 Barbara H. Honkala, research botanist, who also made the cover 

 design. Many maps were drafted by Charles F. Tyson. 



Valuable assistance, particularly in reviewing the preliminary 

 maps, was contributed by many persons. Special acknowledgment is 

 made to the following for their careful review of the large maps 

 of tropical species: Taylor R. Alexander, Daniel F. Austin, George 

 N. Avery, David W. Black, Frank C. Craighead, Sr., John Popenoe, 

 William B. Robertson, Roy 0. Woodbury, and Richard P. Wunder- 

 lin. Naturally the compiler is responsible for all errors. 



EXPLANATION OF THE MAPS 



Species maps of Volume 5 follow the general plan of previous 

 volumes, from which this explanation is adapted. Page size is 9 1 /£ 



by 11% in., the same as in Volumes 2-A. However, species maps 

 for the State of Florida are of two sizes and are arranged in three 

 groups, each in alphabetical order by scientific name. 



Maps Nos. 1-13 are of the 13 conifers, and Nos. 14—158.6 are 

 of the 151 temperate hardwoods. Florida maps of these 164 species 

 are reproduced from portions of maps in Volumes 1 and 4 on the 

 same scale, 6 to a page. 



The base map is the same for the contiguous United States, 

 scale 1:10,000.000, Albers Conical Equal Area Projection — stan- 

 dard parallels 29%° and 45 1 /2°- Lines show State and county 

 boundaries, and crosses at 5-degree intervals mark latitude and 

 longitude. One inch equals approximately 158 miles and 1 centi- 

 meter, 100 kilometers. Naturally, this projection of Florida taken 

 from the corner of the larger map differs slightly from that of the 

 State alone. 



As the scale is unchanged, these maps can be compared readily 

 with those of previous volumes. Also, the 9 transparent overlays 

 from Volume 1 can be adapted, as noted previously. 



Maps Nos. 159-256, 1 to a page, are of the tropical hardwoods, 

 mostly in South Florida. These 98 new maps are about 2.5 times 

 as large, in order to show distribution in greater detail, for example, 

 in the Florida Keys. The scale is roughly 1 :4,000,000, about 63 

 miles to 1 in. (40 km to 1 cm) . 



Each species has only 1 map. Range outside of Florida is not 

 mapped in this volume, though expressed in text. For the species 

 charted previously, Volumes 1 and 4 show entire ranges on base 

 maps of the United States and, as needed, of North America. How- 

 ever, occurrence of tropical trees outside the United States has not 

 been plotted. 



List of Maps (p. iv) cites the number and order of maps of 

 the 262 tree species. Index of Common Names and Index of Scienti- 

 fic Names follow the maps. 



The latest known range of each species is summarized also in 

 text under Species Maps and Ranges (p. 6). Both the distribution 

 within Florida and the entire natural range are cited. Forest Service 

 Check Lists contain summaries of range also. 



The natural distribution or range of a tree species, as mapped 

 in this Atlas, is the geographical area where the species, including 

 any and all varieties, is native or wild. Varieties have not been 

 plotted separately, and hybrids are omitted. 



The distribution of the native tree species of the United States 

 is mapped as of the present time, exclusive of changes caused 

 directly or indirectly by Europeans. However, where modifications 

 have occurred, the distribution is intended to be before Columbus, 

 or pre-Columbian. In Florida some tree species with useful products 

 may have been spread by American Indians. 



These maps do not show where a species grows outside the 

 natural range after having been introduced directly or indirectly 

 by mankind, whether planted, escaped, adventive. or naturalized. 

 Records of planted or introduced trees outside the continuous 

 natural ranges have not knowingly been mapped. Reports of trees 

 planted for forestry, shade, or other purposes and of escapes from 

 cultivation have been omitted. Also excluded are naturalized trees, 

 those introduced outside their natural range and thoroughly estab- 

 lished and reproducing as though native. 



Perhaps in the future, maps adding forest plantations or other 

 successful introductions beyond the original occurrence may merit 

 compilation. In the meantime, maps of Plant Hardiness Zones may 

 suggest roughly where a species would be hardy when planted out- 

 side its natural range. General Map No. 6 serves for Florida. The 



