northern species at their southern limits. Two endangered species 

 of the yew family, Taxaceae, are very rare on the east side of the 

 Apalachicola River and vicinity (Little 1975a). Taxus floridana, 

 Florida yew, is limited to 2 counties. Torreya taxifolia, Florida 

 torreya, has been found in 3 counties and an adjacent county of 

 Georgia. It is almost extinct in the wild state, having been de- 

 stroyed by a fungal disease of the stems. Both species are pro- 

 tected within Torreya State Park near Bristol and have been 

 planted in botanical gardens elsewhere. 



Salix floridana, Florida willow, proposed as endangered, ranges 

 from northwestern Florida to the central part and to central 

 Georgia. 



Magnolia ashei, Ashe magnolia, proposed as threatened, is 

 known only from 8 counties of northwestern Florida. It is closely 

 related to M. macrophylla, bigleaf magnolia. 



Three other rare tree species proposed as threatened are found 

 in this region but have a broader distribution into nearby States. 

 Pinckneya pubens, pinckneya, extends into Georgia and the edge 

 of South Carolina. Leitneria floridana, corkwood, is found in 

 17 counties of 5 States. Ilex amelanchier, sarvis holly, a shrub 

 or rarely small tree, is very rare in the Coastal Plain of 7 States. 



Crataegus lacrimata Small, Pensacola hawthorn, apparently is a 

 distinct local species known only from northwestern Florida (Wal- 

 ton to Escambia Cos.). Another, C. pulcherrima Ashe, beautiful 

 hawthorn, ranges also into southwestern Georgia and southern 

 Alabama. 



Central Florida 



One of the best known endemic trees of the sandhill or lake 

 region of central Florida is lllicium parviflorum, yellow anise-tree. 

 It is limited to 5 counties and has been proposed as threatened. 



Carya floridana, scrub hickory, is a common species through 

 central Florida. Pinus clausa, sand pine, is common and dominant 

 through the central part and is present also in the northwestern 

 part and an Alabama county. 



Two local varieties proposed as threatened are: Ilex opaca var. 

 arenicola (Ashe), dune holly, and Persea borbonia var. humilis 

 (Nash) Kopp, silkbay. 



Southern Florida 



The tropical region of South Florida including the Florida Keys 

 has the greatest collection of rare native trees anywhere in the con- 

 tinental United States. The report "Rare Tropical Trees of South 

 Florida" (Little 1976) classes 60 species as rare or local. Those 

 species are confined to the 3 southernmost counties, Dade, Monroe, 

 and Collier, or slightly beyond. That report contains additional 

 information including distribution and occurrence within parks 

 and other preserves and in the Florida Keys. 



Apparently South Florida has no local or endemic tree species. 

 All tree species named as new from there have been found also in 

 the West Indies, such as Bahamas and Cuba or beyond or south- 

 ward to the continent, or have been reduced to synonyms or va- 

 rieties. However, all these species at the northern edge of their 

 natural ranges here would be classed as border or peripheral. 

 Thus, they would not be under the Endangered Species Act. 



Roystonea elata, Florida royalpalm, has been proposed as en- 

 dangered and as a palm is protected by State law. However, Roy- 

 stonea regia (H.B.K.) 0. F. Cook, Cuban royalpalm, which is 

 widespread in Cuba, apparently is the same. 



Four endemic tree varieties have been distinguished in South 

 Florida. Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. densa Little & Dorman, South 

 Florida slash pine, is common and widespread. The others, noted 

 below, are rare. 



Cereus robinii (Lem.) L. Benson, key tree-cactus, is represented 

 in the Florida Keys by 2 varieties originally named as species. 

 Both have been proposed as endangered and listed as commercially 

 exploited species privately collected. The typical variety, var. ro- 

 binii, key tree-cactus (typical), is known from the Lower Florida 

 Keys and Cuba. Var. deeringii (Small) L. Benson, Deering tree- 

 cactus, is endemic to the Upper Florida Keys and is rare and pos- 

 sibly almost extinct. 



Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh var. simpsonii (Small) 

 R. W. Long, Simpson stopper, is rare and local on the mainland in 

 Dade County and has been proposed as threatened. The typical 

 variety has a wider range in South Florida and tropical America 

 and is not rare. Protected by State law (as Eugenia simpsonii). 



Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urban var. pinetorum 

 (Small) M. C. Johnston, a shrubby variety of South Florida, has 

 been proposed as endangered. The typical variety, Florida-privet, 

 is a small tree which ranges into southeastern Georgia and the 

 West Indies. 



APPLICATIONS OF THE MAPS 



Several applications of these maps of Florida trees may be re- 

 peated from previous volumes, though most uses are obvious. 

 First, the maps show where each tree species grows wild and can 

 be found for study for any purposes; also, where plantations or 

 trees from locally collected seed should be successful. 



To specialists, the maps may reveal errors and suggest correc- 

 tions, and also likely localities where further field work is needed 

 for revision and where range extensions and State records may be 

 sought. The natural ranges are preserved for the historical record, 

 before the forests are destroyed or partly replaced by plantations 

 of improved varieties and hybrids. The maps have economic value, 

 suggesting possible sources of wood and other products in addi- 

 tion to the detailed information on timber volumes provided by 

 forest surveys. 



The transparent overlays (Volume 1) and maps together sum- 

 marize graphically the average and extreme conditions of the en- 

 vironment (temperature, precipitation, latitude, altitude, etc.) of 

 each species. They provide the basis for correlation studies of 

 distribution of a species and the environment, including limiting 

 factors. Also, these maps may indicate local climates to which 

 geographical or local races may be adapted. 



The maps are of special importance in the collection of seed. 

 They show first the geographic areas and localities where seed can 

 be collected from wild trees. They suggest the possible occurrence 

 of geographic races and seed sources, particularly for tree im- 

 provement programs, including hybridization tests and for testing 

 or introduction beyond the native range, such as foreign countries 

 with similar climates. 



Maps can be helpful in identifying wild trees by indicating the 

 presence or absence of a species in a particular area. Finally, 

 the maps serve as background material for such studies as classi- 

 fication, evolution, paleobotany, and genetics, and for the distri- 

 bution of associated animals and plants, for example, insects and 

 parasitic fungi. 



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