46 Report of Schimmel § Co. 1921. 



officially it was announced that this prohibition of exports of oil of turpentine would 

 be postponed till March 1921. The prices generally went down in Bordeaux and Dax. 

 In the Landes the quotations were: — oil of turpentine 550 fr. per 100 kg. f. o. r., colo- 

 phony 160 fr. each per 100 kg. under the same conditions. 



In a turpentine from Wen-Chou (China) Y. Shinosaki and Ono 1 ) found 84.35 per cent, 

 of resin and 8.15 per cent, of an essential oil of the following constants:— d i5 o 0.8670; 

 [«Jd — 31.41°; n D20O 1.4711 ; soluble in 8.8 vol. 90 per cent, and in 28.8 vol. 80 per cent, 

 alcohol. The oil contained 85 per cent, of «-pinene, traces of dipentene and 11 per cent, 

 of a new tricyclic sesquiterpene Ci 5 H 24 (b. p. 92 to 93° [2.5 mm.]; di 5 o 0.9408; d 20o 0.9398; 

 ["]d + 47.31° [in ether]; n D20 o 1.5031). This last body was isolated as monohydro- 

 chloride (m. p. 58 to 59°) by passing hydrochloric acid gas into the ethereal solution 

 of the fraction distilling between 90 and 105° (2.5 mm.). 



According to English news 2 ) there is a great demand for oil of turpentine in 

 India 3 ). On the other hand colophony is little required, and great stores of this 

 material are accumulating. For this reason the "Rosin and Turpentine" works in Jallo 

 have experimentally been producing from turpentine, by dry distillation, resin gas, 

 resin spirit, resin oils and pitch. The yield and quality of the products being satis- 

 factory and the purification not too elaborate, it is hoped that the large-scale manu- 

 facture will be started in a few months. 



The English article quoted mentions in this connection that the American "Naval 

 Stores" 4 ) had to pass through a similar phase in their early days. There was only 

 use for the oil of turpentine originally; the rosin remaining in the distillation was 

 thrown into the river or into holes dug into the earth. Those spots were afterwards 

 known as „rosin mines". When later on colophony began to become valuable, many 

 people gained a subsistence by fishing the rosin up again and selling it. 



The chemical laboratory of the United States Dept. of Agriculture 5 ) describes 

 the following simple tests, by means of which, with a little practice, adulterations of 

 10 per cent, and more could easily be recognised in oil of turpentine. Kerosene, 

 gasoline, benzene, solvent naphtha are recognisable by their odours. Oil from wood- 

 turpentine (American Kienol, pine wood oil) is easily distinguishible from turpentine 

 by its smell. If a sample leaves a grease spot on white paper, it will probably be 

 adulterated with kerosene or with a heavy solvent naphtha. A good deal of heavy 

 oil of turpentine, boiling above 170°, may also be present. When a small bottle, 

 quite clean and dry, is half filled with oil of turpentine and shaken for an instant, 

 the foam first appearing will vanish at once again, if the oil be pure and fresh. When 

 the foam persists for more than 5 seconds, the oil must be suspected of being 

 adulterated or old. By the following method of evaporation any mineral oils can also 

 be recognised: — Pour 5 cc. of the oil of turpentine upon a large watch glass and 

 take up 2 cc. of this oil again by means of a pipette. When after 3 hours the margin 

 of the fine film of oil looks homogeneous and regular, the sample was pure. Any 

 drops, froth or striae suggest adulteration. 



Starting from the work of Armstrong 6 ), who made the first investigation of the 

 adulteration of oil of turpentine, H. Salvaterra 7 ) reviews the abundant methods of the 





a ) Journ. chem. Ind., Tokyo 23 (1920), 45. From Chem. Abstracts 14 (1920), 2928. — 2 ) Chemist and 

 Druggist 93 (1920), 1345. — ») Cf. Report 1920, 127. — *) Cf. Report 1916, 56 and Gildemeister and 

 Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 2 nd ed., vol. 1, p. 94. — 5 ) Amerie. Journ. Pharm. 92 (1920), 931. — 6 ) Journ.' 

 chem. Soc. 52 (1882), 478. — 7 ) Chem. Ztg. 45 (1921), 133, 150, 158. 



