22 Report of Schimmel § Co. 1921. 



also by the higher specific gravity, the mostly lower rotation and the mostly higher 

 dry residue. The differences are explicable by the degree of maturity of the respective 

 fruit, and also by the mode of preparation of the oil. In Spain the completely-ripe 

 fruit of red colour is used. It is turned by hand on a steel cone, which is provided with 

 small projections, until all the outer skin has entirely been rubbed off. This skin, 

 which contains the oil, drops into wooden boxes in the form of a wet flour; the flour 

 is put in bags of camel hair which are placed between steel plates in a hydraulic 

 press to obtain the oil. 



The harvesting of the oranges takes place in the months November to March. 

 The beginning of the harvest changes somewhat with the district. Use is made only 

 of the sweet Spanish orange of which there are several species. In the opinion of 

 our informant the oil production may be estimated at from 10000 to 15000 kg. 



To all appearance Japan also has been entering upon the manufacture of agrumen 

 oils. If two samples of orange oil, forwarded to us, should actually be characteristic 

 of the Japanese product, however, the Italians need not fear this new competition; for 

 both the oils proved to be useless. The one had the following qualities: — d 15o 0.8561 ; 

 «D2oo + 76° 22'; « D of the first 10 percent, of the distillate +92° 6'; evaporation 

 residue 7.3 per cent. These values accord neither with those of sweet orange oil, nor 

 with those of bitter orange oil. Above everything the rotation figure is too low. We 

 gain in fact the impression that we are not dealing with a pure orange oil at all, and 

 this all the more so, since the comparatively-large dry residue has not a waxy, but a 

 fluid consistency. It looks as if the manufacturer had been making use of some fatty 

 oil or mineral oil. 



The other sample was colourless, a fact, which suggested, as did also the stale 

 odour, a distilled oil, the purity of which was not quite beyond doubt either. The 

 first ten per cent, of the distillate had a much lower optical rotation than the original 

 oil, a fact, so far not observed in distilled orange oils. This oil cannot either.be of 

 any commercial importance, and we add the constants which we observed only for 

 the sake of completeness:— di 5 o 0.8490; « D + 92°52'; « D of the first 10 per cent, of 

 the distillate +87° 30'; soluble in 6 vol. and more of 90 per cent, alcohol with very 

 slight turbidity. 



Eucalyptus Oil. — As long as Australia does not remove the interdict placed on 

 German productions, German firms cannot be expected to take into consideration the 

 offers of representations of Australian firms which come from all sides. Spain is 

 fortunately in a position to supply sufficient quantities of excellent globulus oil with 

 a high content of eucalyptole. Promising experiments on the distillation of eucalyptus 

 oils have recently been made also in Chile. 



Two eucalyptus oil firms of Sydney and Melbourne have amalgamated to a company 

 with a capital of 125000 <£ which has its main plant in Balmain, Sydney 1 ). The 

 company further contemplates to establish three new factories in Queensland for the 

 preparation of the oil of Eucalyptus citriodora. of citronellal and further of citronellol. 

 They further prepare eucalyptole, phellandrene, peppermint ketone (piperitone) and 

 geranyl acetate, from Eucalyptus Macarthuri. 



!) Perfiim. Record 11 (1920), 361. 



