12 Report of Schimmel $ Co. 1921. 



and for oil to 40 tael per picul. From 1919 up till March 1920 the exports from 

 Foochow were considerably larger than those of 1918 1 ). 



The most important camphor districts are Kienning, Yuchi, Yungan, Yenping, Tatien, 

 Shaowu, Shasien and Ningte. There camphor and its oil are manufactured by means 

 of very simple distillation appliances On the spot, as E. B. Price 2 ) reports. The 

 camphor which is crystallising is collected and sold at first quality. The liquid con- 

 stituents have once more to be distilled. This second distillation, which takes place 

 in Foochow, yields from 133 pounds of camphor oil, 64 pounds of camphor and 27 pounds 

 of oil, the latter serving as basis for inks and colouring materials. The camphor 

 which is gained from the oil is less good than the product of the first distillation. 



There are in Foochow 12 camphor oil factories of which 9 belong to the Chinese, 

 2 to the Japanese and one to the Portuguese. The daily production of each factory 

 averages 325 lbs. of camphor. The campher industry is rather highly taxed; private 

 undertakers, moreover, have to obtain official permission before they can erect any 

 new works. The Japanese distillers of Foochow are exempt from this tax. 



According to the Pekin Daily News 3 ) the Japanese Government has purchased 

 the monopoly of the exploitation of camphor in this province from the governor of 

 Fukien. In Kiangsi, Japan is attempting to proceed on similar lines. The native 

 population of the capital of the province are making united efforts to stop this procedure 

 of the Japanese. 



Camphor Exports from Foochow. — The main bulk of the camphor, which is produced 

 in the Chinese province of Fukien and which is estimated at about 800000 kin annually, 

 is exported via Foochow. These exports from Foochow amounted in the year 1907 to 

 394 picul, in 1918 to 424 picul, in 1919 to 6987 picul, and in the first half of 1920 to 

 5000 picul. The consumption of camphor in Europe and America amounted in the 

 year 1918 to 2160000 kin and in Japan 2600000 kin, a total of 4760000 kin. Of these 

 only 600000 kin were, however, of Chinese origin. The price which, by the end of 

 1919, had been 170 tael per picul, fell by March 1920 to 130 tael and declined further 

 down to 100 tael 4 ). 



A paper by J. L. Simonsen and T. P. Ghose 5 ) gives information concerning the 

 contents of camphor and of camphor oil in camphor trees of different ages which had 

 grown in the plantations of Dehra Dun, Burma, Madras, Cochinchina, and Calcutta. 

 Since it was known from former investigations 6 ), to which degree the ratio between 

 solid camphor and camphor oil fluctuates with the age of the tree and with the season, 

 and how large quantities of oil will be found in the different parts of trees of different 

 ages, we shall content ourselves in this place with summarising the tabular statements 

 made in this paper. 



The leaves of coppice camphor trees of Dehra Dun had in different seasons of 

 the years 1917 to 1919 a content of camphor ranging from 0.25 to 0.84 per cent, and 

 of camphor oil ranging from 1.63 to 4.24 per cent. Small twigs cut from the same 

 trees contained from 0.19 to 0.61 per cent, of camphor oil, and parts of the trunk of 

 trees, from 17 to 22 years of age, contained from 0.97 and 0.69 per cent, of camphor 

 and from 0.86 and 0.69 per cent, respectively of camphor oil. 



*) Ind. u. Handelsztg. No. 234 of 16. X. 1920, supplement. Chem. and met. Eng. 23 (1920), 844. — 2 ) Americ. 

 Journ. Pharm. 92 (1920), 923. After Commerce Reports of 18. VIII. 1920. — 3 ) Ind. u. Handelsztg. No. 46 of 

 24. II. 1921, supplement. — *) The Yakngyo-Shiiho, Tokyo of 8. VIII. 1920, p. 4. — 5 ) Journ. Soc. chem. Ind. 39 

 (1920), 296. — 6 ) Cf. Gildemeister and Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 2" d 'ed., vol. II, p. 465; Report 1918, 13. 



