Notes on scientific research. 75 



From the sprouts of Pinus halepensis, Mill. Dorronsoro obtained an oil, yellowish- 

 green, of agreeable odour and of the following properties: — d^ 0.872; « D17 o — 3°30'; 

 Hdito — 4.013°; acidv.0.8; ester v. 31.9; ester v. after acetyl. 51.2; ester 11.165 percent, 

 (calculated as Ci Hi T O • CO • CH 3 ), free alcohol 6.21 per cent., combined alcohol 

 8.78 per cent., total alcohol (C 10 Hi 8 O) 14.64 per cent. Soluble in 25 vol. 90 per cent, alco- 

 hol. Fractions at 710 mm.: — 168 to 174°, 18.75 percent; 174 to 180°, 36.60 per cent; 

 180 to 245°, 14.71 percent; 245 to 275°, 19.40 per cent; 275 to 300°, 5.80 per cent. 

 These numbers differ strongly from the constants which Belloni 1 ) found in a French 

 Aleppo pine oil. 



In addition to much pinene the oil contained probably dipentene to judge by the 

 melting point (of 125°) of the tetrabromide. Ethylfenchyl alcohol and its acetate were 

 probably likewise present, though they could not be identified with certainty. 



The Cypress Oil. obtained from Carcagente (Valencia) out of Cupressus sempervirens, 

 had the following properties: — di 5 o 0.8942; « D -j-25°20'; n D20 o 1.4810; acid v. 0.6; 

 ester v. 23.2 (corresponding to 8.12 per cent of terpinylacetate), ester v. after acetyl. 

 44.06 (corresponding to 12.12 percent, of total alcohol). Soluble in 6.4 vol. 90 percent, 

 alcohol. Behaviour in Ladenburg flask: — (715 mm.) 145 to 155°, 7.68 per cent. ; 155 to 

 156°, 11.07 per cent; 156 to 158°, 14.63 per cent; 158 to 162°, 20.65 per cent. ; 162 to 

 190°, 24.95 per cent; 190 to 200°, 7.65 per cent; residue 13.37 percent The oil con- 

 tained ample proportions of cedrol. 



A Juniper Berry Oil with the following constants differed markedly from oils of 

 other countries: — d 15o 0.9093; « D — 4°40'; n D 1.4868; acid v. 4.0; ester v. 19.82; soluble 

 in 0.5 vol. and miscible without turbidity with 4.5 and more vol. 90 per cent alcohol; 

 soluble in 15 vol. 80 per cent alcohol. 



On the other hand, the properties of the Savin Oil, from Sevilla, agreed fairly 

 well with those of genuine, non-Spanish savin oils. di 5 o 0.9075; « D +53°38'; n D 1.4760; 

 acid v. 2.51 (corresponding to 0.27 per cent, of acetic acid); ester v. 107.98 (corre- 

 sponding to 37.40 per cent, of sabinyl acetate [= 29.3 per cent, of sabinol !] ; ester v. 

 after acetyl. 123.48 (corresponding to 4.45 per cent of free and 36.87 per cent, of total 

 sabinol). In the distillation in a Ladenburg flask (710 mm.) 18 per cent, of the oil passed 

 below 175°, and 44 per cent, below 193°. The constants of the nine fractions of oil 

 between 160 and 255° indicated that sabinene, sabinol and its esters and cadinene 

 were present. 



The production of Agrumen Oils, formerly not important in Spain, has only in 

 recent time undergone development. Three samples of an expressed lemon oil from 

 Sevilla, Valencia and Malaga had the following properties: — d|§ 0.8494 to 0.8524; 

 «D2oo — 56° 16' to 59° 15'; « D of the first tenth of the distillate + 54°0' to + 55°44'; 

 n D 2oo 1.4732 to 1.4746; evaporation residue 3.45 to 5.90 percent.; citral contents (hydro- 

 xylamine method) 2.40 to 4.01 per cent 



Three distilled Lemon Oils, from Alora, Cartama and Pizarra (province of Malaga) 

 gave the constants — d 20O 0.8463 to 0.8486; « D20O -f 64° 44' to +68°0'; n D20O 1.4732 to 

 1.4734; evaporation residue 1.7 to 3.3 per cent.; citral (hydroxylamine method) 1.80 to 

 2.87 per cent. The author accounts for the generally low percentage of citral by the 

 fact that the oils had been obtained only from quite ripe fruit; in the latter the ratio 

 of terpene to citral is displaced to the disadvantage of the aldehyde. 



A Bitter Orange Peel Oil, which had been supplied by Sevilla firm of good repute under 

 the designation "extra", proved to be strongly adulterated: — d 20 o 0.8852; « D20 .o+80°30'; 



[ ) Cf. Report April 1906, 57. 



