76 . Report of Schimmel § Co. 1921. 



« D20 o of the first tenth of the distillate + 93° 28'; n D20O 1.4799; acid v. 3.1 ; ester v. 41.32; 

 ester v. after acetyl. 78.90; evaporation residue 15.6 per cent. 



Three expressed Sweet Orange Peel Oils 1 ) from Sevilla, Carcagente and Malaga 

 and a rectified product from Carcagente had the following constants: — di 5o 0.8542 to 

 0.8568 and 0.8532; « D20O + 92° to -j-93°6' and +97° 25'; « D20O of the first tenth of the 

 distillate +97° 36' to +99° 36' and +98° 20'; n D20O 1..4753 to 1.4782 and 1.4736; 

 acid v. 3.0 to 7.2 and 1.6; ester v. 10.76 to 17.82 and 2.2; ester v. after acetyl. 23.44 

 to 33.94 and 18.02; evaporation residue 6.6 to 12.44 and 2.55 per cent. ; citral 2 ) (bisul- 

 phite method) 1 per cent. Of the three expressed samples two were pale-yellow and 

 one contained an orange-red colouring matter which was precipitated by the addition 

 of 90 per cent, alcohol. This, undoubtedly genuine oil from Carcagente was soluble 

 in 5 vol. 95 per cent, alcohol and in 13.5 vol. 90 per cent, alcohol. In the distillation 

 in the Ladenburg flask 70.75 per cent, passed over between 170 and 172°. There were, 

 therefore, present about 70 per cent, of pure d-limonene. The semi-solid distillation 

 residue (12.87 per cent.) consisted, according to Dorronsoro, of citral 2 ). The colouring 

 matter and an ester in the residue could not be identified so far. 



The three following products, one each coming from Carcagente and Sevilla, and 

 one from Carcagente (rectified), are typical examples of genuine Spanish Mandarin Oils. 

 Colour: — yellow, reddish or almost colourless with a strong blue-violet fluorescence; 

 d 20O 0.854, 0.8541, 0.8536; « D20 o -f 73° 4'; +73°0'; +67° 43'; [«] D of the first half of 

 the distillate + 80° 30'; -f74°50'; +70°50'; « D of the remainder +66°10'; +o8°56'; 

 -j-64°14'; n D20O 1.4775, 1.4753, 1.4773; evaporation residue 7.95 percent, 3.88 per cent, 

 2.6 percent; acid v. 4.15, 2.4, 1.9; ester v. 9.97, 9.84, 9.0; ester v. after acetyl. 17.34, 

 20.3, 14.28; soluble in 2 vol. 95 per cent, alcohol, in 14 vol., 12 vol., 9 vol. 90 percent 

 alcohol; citral 3 ) (hydroxylamine method) 2.28 percent, 1.07 per cent, 1 percent, (bisul- 

 phite method) 2 per cent Of the expressed oils (Carcagente) 9 per cent distilled in a 

 Ladenburg flask between 165 and 170°, and 76.85 per cent between 170 and 180°. The 

 oil consisted, therefore, chiefly of d-limonene. The last fractions contained 3.5 per cent 

 of esters (calculated as acetate of an alcohol Ci Hi 8 O) which were decomposed by heat. 



Two Petitgrain Oils from Sevilla were greenish-yellow, transparent and faintly acid 

 liquids which were soluble in any proportion of 90 per cent, alcohol: — di 6 o 0.8818 and 

 0.8845; « D20o + 6 o 24' and +6° 48'; n D20O 1.4662 and 1.4661; soluble in 2 vol. and in 

 1.25 vol. 80 per cent, alcohol ; acid v. 3.07 and 4.53; ester v. 72.46 and 80.37 (corresponding 

 to 25.36 per cent, and 28.13 per cent, of ester [linalyl acetate]); ester v. after acetyl. 180.36 

 and 182.42 (corresponding to 57.32 per cent, and 58.08 per cent, of total alcohol [Ci Hi 8 O]) 

 and to 32.24 per cent, and 30.38 per cent of free alcohol. 



Of two Bergamot Oils from Sevilla and one from Valencia, two were found adulterated. 

 The genuine product, styled "extra", yet not a first-class oil, from Sevilla had the following 

 constants: — diso 0.8812; « D20O + 16°36'; n D20O 1.4660; soluble in 0.25 vol. 90 per cent, 

 alcohol; acid v. 3.77; ester v. 105.47 (corresponding to a linalyl acetate content of 

 36.92 per cent.); ester v. after acetyl. 154.22; total alcohol 48.50 per cent, free alcohol 

 13.90 percent; evaporation residue 5.40 per cent. 



Two genuine Orange Blossom Oils from Sevilla ("Neroli Bigarade extra" and "Neroli 

 Bigarade petalo") had the following constants: — di 5 o 0.8798 and 0.8686; a D150 +12°4' 

 and 12° 12'; n D15Q 1.4739 and 1.4760; soluble in 1 vol. and in 1.4 vol. 90 per cent, alcohol, 



x ) As regards sweet Spanish orange oils see also p. 21 of this Report. — 2 ) So far as we are aware 

 citral had not yet been identified in sweet orange peel oils. — 3 ) We are not aware that citral had previously 

 been found in mandarin oil. 



