12 Report of Schimmel § Co. 1922. 



Years ago, H. Huerre 1 ) showed that direct distillation of the wood of Juniperus 

 Oxycedrus yielded 8.11 per cent, of cade oil, or, if the essential oil had previously been 

 removed, only 5.62 per cent, of distillate. In a new treatise, Huerre 2 ) examines the 

 relations between the content of essential oil in the wood and the yield of cade oil. 

 The raw material for his experiments was coarsely powdered wood of Juniperus Oxy- 

 cedrus, from which the essential oil had been drawn by steam distillation and the resin 

 extracted by means of ether and acetic ether. This material was subjected to dry 

 distillation, partly with an admixture of 3 to 5 per cent, of the essential oil of Juniperus 

 Oxycedrus, partly without. During the distillation, which took four hours, the temperature 

 rose after less than two hours from 98 to 203°, then sank to 180° and remained 

 constant till the end. In the interior of the wood, it reached 402° and remained 

 constant, after two hours, between 380 and 385°. Six different experiments, carried 

 out in this way, had the following results: — 1) In the presence of 5 per cent, essential 

 oil: 9 per cent, oil, lighter than water, 32 per cent, water, 9 per cent, tar, 37.5 per cent, 

 charcoal. 2) Without any addition: per cent, light oil, 36 per cent, water, 2.5 per cent, 

 tar, 37.5 per cent, charcoal. 



Huerre concludes from these results that the essential oil of Juniperus Oxycedrus 

 passes over completely with the cade oil and serves as a solvent for the heavy tar. The 

 author's other observation that during the distillation cadinene is transformed only to the 

 extent of 20 to 25 per cent, is not new, for F. W. Semmler and W. Jakubowicz 3 ) have shown 

 already that a large proportion of cadinene remains unaltered at a temperature of 330^. 



It had been taken for granted that the brown colouring with copper acetate and 

 light petroleum sufficed to characterize genuine cade oil. According to H. Huerre 4 ), 

 "cade oil for veterinary use", the origin of which is unknown, gives the identical 

 reaction, the same as the essential oils obtained by dry distillation from other conifers, 

 with the exception of Phtus maritima (Poir. or Mill.?). The oils of Juniperus Virginiana, L, 

 and Cedrus Libani, Barrel., the same as cade oil, yield after treatment with dilute soda 

 lye on distillation under normal pressure 55.5 and 62.5 per cent., respectively, of 

 fractions passing over between 250 and 300°, in addition to a distillation residue of 

 7.5 and 10 per cent., respectively. The author intends to publish shortly an article on 

 a new reaction of cade oil (by means of the dihydrochloride of cadinene). 



A treatise by R. Massy 5 ) deals with the tars obtained from African conifers as 

 substitutes for cade oil. The author describes the botanical origin of these products 

 {Thuja, Juniperus and Cedrus species), the methods of production and the principal 

 properties of the tars. 



Cajuput Oil. — The export figures for the provinces of Ambon and Celebes, including 

 those of the island of Boeroe, are now available up to 1918. The direct exports, chiefly 

 via Singapore, were: — 



,. s «^w, „„... 1916 



1917 



1918 



to British India and China 84000 kilos 



77000 kilos 



33000 kilos 



besides, to Java . . . . 71 000 „ 



83000 „ 



79000 „ . 



Java re-exports a considerable part of its imports. The Javanese use the oil not only as 

 an embrocation for contusions, excoriations, wounds and head-aches, but also against bugs. 



*) Bull. Sciences Pharmacol. 28 (1921), 299. As per Chem. Zentralbl. 1921, IV. 812. — 2 ) Bull, des Trov.de 

 la Soc. de Pharm. de Bordeaux, June 1921. According to a reprint kindly sent us. — 3 ) Berl.-Ber. 47 (1914), 

 2077. Report April 1915, 85. — *) Comp. above. — 8 ) Comp. Report 1919, 8. ' 



