22 Report of Schimmel $ Co. 1922. 



fairly well, the cultivation was not proceeded with, probably on account of the low 

 prices which have since prevailed. — Various other species of Cinnamomum occur in 

 a wild state in the Malay region, some of which, such as C. tavoyanum, are akin to 

 C. Cassia, whilst others, such as C. Parthenoxylon, are more allied to C. Camphora. 

 C. Culilawan, Blume, the clove bark 1 ) of the Malays (Kulit — bark, Lawang = clove) 

 is a native of both the Peninsula and the islands. The calyces of the fruit are used 

 locally in medicine and curries under the name of "bunga lawang" (clove flowers). 



The cultivation of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was introduced into the Dutch East 

 Indies (Java) in 1825, as it seemed with success in the beginning. It resulted after- 

 wards, however, that the fine quality of the genuine Ceylon cinnamon could not be 

 attained, and from 1865 the cultivation gradually died out. The tree is now grown 

 only on a small scale on a few European estates. — A trifling quantity of bark is 

 derived in Java from C. Cassia and the rest from C. Burmanni, Blume 2 ), a tree growing 

 wild throughout the Malay archipelago. It is a slender tree occurring chiefly in the 

 mountains, and the bark is stated to improve in quality the greater the altitude at 

 which it is grown. The better qualities of bark are from the trunk, the second quality, 

 which is lacking in flavour, being derived from the thicker branches. The United States 

 has been the chief purchaser of the product, Holland taking the bulk of the remainder. 



Total Exports of Cinnamon Barks from the Dutch East Indies (Padang, Java and 

 Macassar) in the years from 1908 to 1912: — 



1908 ... 752 tons = 22916^ 



1909 . . . 1016 „ = 32833 „ 



1910 . . . 1297 n = 37333 „ 



1911 ... 1922 „ = 22250 „ 



1912 . . . 1032 „ = 23666 „ 



Both Cinnamomum zeylanicum C. Cassia have been successfully grown in Fiji from 

 seed, and the bark and the leaves distilled on a small experimental scale at Nasimu a ). 

 The cinnamon was planted in 1906, and is stated to have become quite naturalized, 

 the seeds being distributed through the forests by pigeons. 



As to the West Indies, cinnamon was found by Captain Marshall in 1782 in 

 St. Domingo. It was sent to Jamaica and has since been grown in the island, but not 

 on any considerable scale. A bark frequently known in the drug trade as "wild or 

 white cinnamon", is that of Canella alba, Murr., a Winteranacea, in no way related to the 

 true cinnamon. It is a native of Florida and the West Indies, and has been known as 

 "Jamaica Winter's Bark" and "Jamaica Cassia lignea" but is now shipped mainly from Ne # w 

 Providence in the Bahamas under the names of "White Wood Bark" or "Cinnamon Bark". 



Some data from an English source 4 ) as to the history of cinnamon barks 5 ) which, 

 as it is well known, belong to the oldest spices, will certainly interest our readers. 

 According to D. Hanbury none of the cinnamon of antiquity was derived either from 

 Cinnamomum zeylanicum, or from Ceylon. The very name "cinnamon" -from the Arabic 

 "mama- 3 or Greek "amomum" (meaning spice) and the prefix "chini", Chinese, which 

 persists in the Persian and Hindustani "Darchini", suggests the Chinese origin of the 

 drug, and under the name "Kwei", which forms part of several Chinese place-names, 



x ) The essential oil of this bark contains 62 per cent, of eugenol and some methyl-eugenol. Cf. Gilde- 

 meister and Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 2 nd edition, vol. II, p. 439. — 2 ) As to oils from the bark of Cinnamomum 

 Kiamis, Nees = C. Burmanni, Blume, see Gildemeister and Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 2 nd edition, vol. II, 

 p. 438. — 3 ) Sept. on Aaric., Fiji, 1911, p. 7; 1918, p. 6. As per Bull. Imp. Inst. 19 (1921), 338. There are no 

 further particulars in this publication. — 4 ) Bull. Imp. Inri. 19 (1921), 321. — 5 ) Cf. also Gildemeister and 

 Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 2 nd ed., vol. I, p. 125. 



