72 Report of Schimmel § Co. 1922. 



The distilling plant is simple and has not been improved materially during the 

 last 50 to 60 years; it consits of a copper still of 500 to 1000 gallons capacity, with 

 a still-head connected to a large copper condensing-coil cooled in water. From 7 to 

 14 barrels of oleo-resin go to make a charge, depending on the nature of the oleo- 

 resin and the size of the still. This is heated over an open fire. When most of the 

 water originally present in the oleo-resin has passed over, as shown by the peculiar 

 sound which is heard close to the tail-pipe of the condenser coil, a small stream of 

 water is admitted to the still. The yield of oil varies from 16 to 22 per cent. It is 

 mostly shipped in wooden barrels, treated internally with two coats of glue and holding 

 50 to 53 gallons. In the more western States the larger producers employ tank-cars 

 of 5 to 16 thousand gallons capacity. On arrival at the primary markets each barrel 

 or tank-car is inspected as to quality and volume. 



The total production in the U.S.A. for the 1919 season amounted to 366000 casks 

 (50 galls.) of turpentine oil and 1237000 barrels (500 lbs.) of rosin; during 1920 up to 

 August 1 st , 237155 casks of turpentine oil and 712387 barrels of rosin were produced, 

 the estimated production for the rest of the season being 233876 casks of turpentine 

 oil and 739679 barrels of rosin. 



At present a little less than 10 per cent, of the total is wood turpentine obtained 

 from stumps and dead or fallen timber by steam or destructive distillation; this source 

 of turpentine is becoming more important. 



As per a statistics of the Turpentine and Rosin Producers' Association 1 ) the U.S.A. 

 supplied before the war about 85 per cent, of the world's requirements of naval stores. 

 At present, the percentage is only 62, the remaining 38 per cent, being contributed by 

 France, Mexico, British India, Spain, Italy and other countries. Especially France has 

 increased her production during the last four years. In 1920/21 it amounted to 

 250000 barrels (50 gals.) of turpentine oil and 875000 barrels of rosin. Spain supplied 

 twice the quantity of previous years; viz., 41000 casks of turpentine oil. The exports 

 of the U.S.A. in 1921 amounted to 73125 casks of oil and 508334 barrels of rosin 

 (500 lbs.), as compared with an average of 359 375 casks of oil and 1 354 068 barrels 

 of rosin in the last ten years before 1914. 



In Central and West Durango (Mexico), there are about 15000000 acres of pine 

 forests, the larger part of which is owned be the Federal Government. As the material 

 is fit for the production of turpentine, an American company erected there a modern 

 distilling plant. The trees can be tapped for three to four years running. Each trunk 

 yields during one season more than one quart of pure, white turpentine oil and 6 lbs. 

 of rosin, the quality of which is not inferior to the products of other countries 2 ). 



Spain's turpentine industry 3 ) is in the hands of*the Union Resinera Espanola, one 

 of the largest and most powerful trusts of the country. This company's report (1919) 

 contains the following figures: — 



oduction 



Rosin 



Turpentine oil 



1915 . . 



. . 15054.593 tons 



4331.429 tons 



1916 . . 



. . 16238.545 „ 



4868.871 „ 



1917 . . 



. . 14364.773 „ 



4599.066 „ 



1918 . . 



. . 13918.298 „ 



4101.384 „ 



1919 . . 



. . 11397.619 „ 



3647.656 „ 



l ) Drug and Chem. Mqrkets 10 (1922), 155. — 2 ) Drug and Ghem. Markets 9 (1921), 1038. — 3 ) Oil, 

 Paint and Drug Reporter 100 (1921), No. 21, p. 32. 



