74 Report of Schimmel § Co. 1922. 



m. p. 126°) and apparently a mixture of d- and Z-«-pinene, in which the d-a-compound 

 predominated (nitrosochloride 103°). 



The authors found too that the unsaponified fraction of the crude oil of turpentine 

 had a somewhat higher specific gravity than the saponified fractions, but that the 

 optical rotation was not considerably influenced by the saponification. It was impossible 

 to establish what the components of the saponified products were. 



One sample of turpentine oil (d~ 0.8624; [«] D20 o + 17,13°, C = 87.0 per cent. ; 

 H = 11.12 per cent.) was exposed to the air and examined from month to month. 

 After six months the constants were : — d^ 1 .0584, [«] D2 oo + 1.44°, C-= 71.03 per cent, 

 H == 9.45 per cent. In another sample of purified turpentine oil from pine balsam, 

 which had been kept for three years in an Erlenmeyer flask, the presence of small 

 quantities of a peroxide, of acid-like components (not abietinic acid) and of 20 per cent, 

 of resene was proved. (Tschirch found in a six months old, autoxidized French 

 turpentine oil above all a resene-like body in addition to a small amount of resinolic 

 acid. Arch. d. Pharm. 238 (1900), 645.) Besides, the authors obtained from this sample 

 a small quantity of a dextrorotatory oil, smelling like menthol, but which it was 

 impossible to examine any further. 



M. Vezes 1 ) thinks it possible to determine the proportion of «-pinene and /?-pinene 

 (nopinene) in French turpentine oil with the aid of Darmois' 2 ) polarimetric method. 

 The proceeding, which it would lead us to far to describe in detail, consists in that 

 the rotatory power of 5 fractions of equal size is determined for three colours. With 

 the aid of the known rotatory power of «- and /?-pinene the proportion of the quantities 

 of these terpenes can easily be calculated. Vezes found in this way that a French oil 

 of turpentine (b. p. 154 to 162° under ordinary pressure, without the less volatile hydro- 

 carbons) contained 80.9 per cent, of «-pinene. It may be added that the author himself 

 thinks the method has not been sufficiently verified yet and that he calls the values 

 found only approximately correct. 



F. C. Palazzo, Mina Palazzo and E. Azzarello have published conjointly a series of 

 articles 3 ) on investigations of Italian turpentine oil, the results of which have been 

 discussed in part in our previous Reports*) (on oil of turpentine of Pinus Pinea, L, 

 and of Pinus Pinaster, Sol.). 



One of these articles (no. Ill by F. C. Palazzo and E. Azzarello) deals with the 

 applicability of Italian oil of turpentine. As has been .shown before, the oil obtained 

 in Tuscany 5 ) (b. p. 170 to 172°, d i5 o 0.852, n D20 o 1.474, inflammation point 50°) consists 

 chiefly of /-limonene and differs considerably from the products of other countries, 

 which contain «-pinene above all. It is pointed out in the article, why just these 

 properties (lesser volatility, better capacity for dissolving resins, balsams, fats and 

 waxes, elevated inflammation point, $c.) make the Italian turpentine oils very fit and 

 valuable for certain technical purposes, such as the manufacture of varnishes, oil 

 paints, 8jc. It is further mentioned that the vapours of these oils, contrary to the 

 products containing pinene, do not injure the human organism. 



Pinus halepensis, Mill., the turpentine of which might likewise be put to use, also 

 occurs in Italy. M. Palazzo 3 ) investigated oils of turpentine, obtained from Pinus 

 halepensis in Cecina and Vada. The yield in turpentine which was obtained according 



x ) Compt. rend. 172 (1921), 977. — 2 ) These, Paris 1911, p. 53. — 3 ) Le trementine italiane. Nota I, II, 

 III, IV. From Annali del R. Istituto Superiore Forestale Nazionale, vol. II, 1917 and vol. IV, 1919. As per a 

 reprint kindly sent us. — 4 ) Comp. Report 1917, 72; 1918, 50. — B ) The turpentine of the different Pinus 

 species, among which Pinus Pinea preponderates, are not distilled separately. * 



