154 Report of.Schimmel § Co. 1922. 



[11 mm.], dg0,9321, n 24 o 14803), benzyl palmitate (m. p. 36.0°, dgO.9136, n^o 1.4689), 

 benzyl stearate (m. p. 45.8°; n|| 0.9075, n 50 o 1.4663), benzyl oleate (liquid at 0°, b.p. 237° 

 [7 mm.], d|§ 0.9330, n 25 o 1.4875). 



For the production of large amounts of these benzyl esters it is recommended to 

 allow benzyl chloride to react with the anhydrous alkali salt of the fatty acid dissolved 

 in an excess of that acid. 



From by-products resulting from the hydrolysis of proteins S. Kodama 1 ) a series 

 of mostly odoriferous esters: — ethyl a-acetoxyisohexoate, b.p. 120 to 121°/20 mm., the 

 corresponding methyl ester, b.p. 99 to 100°/20mm.; ethyl a-benzoylisohexoate. b.p. 174 

 to 176°/17 mm.; ethyl a-\sovaleryl\sohexoate, b. p. 125 to 128°/10 mm.; ethyl and amyl 

 a-chloroisohexoates, b.p. 152 to 153°/10 mm. and 113 to 114°/8 to 10 mm. 2 ). these 

 two esters can be converted into the corresponding esters of isohexoic acid by reduction 

 with sodium amalgam. «-Acetoxyisohexoic acid phenyliminochloride forms prisms which 

 when treated with acetic ester and magnesium yield a-ethoxyisohexaldehyde as an oil. 



Bergaptene. — As a continuation of their earlier endeavour 3 ) to obtain bergaptene 

 and xanthotoxin synthetically, P. Karrer, A. Riidlinger, A. Glattfelder, and L. Waitz 4 ) 

 were successful in confirming the constitution suggested for the 2-methyl-5-hydroxy- 

 coumarone-4-acrylic acid described formerly. It remained, therefore, still unanswered 

 why the coumarone ring prevents the closing of the coumarin ring. The authors now 

 regard the formula suggested by Thorns 3 ) for bergaptene as uncertain. With the 

 purpose of elucidating this question the authors "undertook to arrive at bergaptene 

 from phloroglucinol monomethyl ether via methoxy-7-acetoxycoumarin. Unfortunately 

 it was impossible to add bromine to the double bond of the coumarin ring without 

 simultaneous bromination of the nucleus, so that the experiment had to be broken off. 



Glucosides. 



R. H. Clark and K. B. Gillie 5 ) determined the salicin content in the bark of various 

 British Columbian willows and poplars. The bark was dried for 48 hours at a tem- 

 perature of about 110° and digested for three hours with boiling water. The proteins 

 were removed by adding lead acetate and the filtrate treated with emulsin. When 

 hydrolysis had passed off the amount of the glucose formed was estimated with 

 Fehling's solution. The salicin content of the various barks proved to vary considerably; 

 in the most cases the spring barks gave higher values than the corresponding autumn barks. 



Average salicin content 



Species autumn ; spring 



samples 



Salix Nuttallii 6 ) 3.90 per cent. 4.49 per cent. 



Salix Hookeriana . . . .9.81 „ „ 5.09 „ ,, 



> Salix sitchensis 2.80 „ „ 7.38 „ „ 



Salix lasiandra 2.50 „ „ 2.51 „ „ 



Salix purpurea — -3.83 „ „ 



Populus trichocarpa . . . ." 0.955 „ „ 3.86 „ „ 



Populus tremuloides . . . . 3.77 „ „ 2.45 „ „ 



J ) Journ. Tokyo chem. Soc. 41 (1920), 965. As per Journ. chem. Soc. 120 (1921), I. 220. — 2 ). Evidently, 

 there is here some mistake concerning the boiling points. — 3 ) Cf. Bericht (Germ, ed.) 1921, 123. — *) Helv. 

 chim. acta 4 (1921), 718. — 6 ) Americ. Journ. Pharm. 93 (1921), 618. — 8 ) This species is not recorded in 

 the Index Kewensis of 1910. 



