INTRODUCTION. 11 
by 75 and the exports to Germany by 47 millions. These figures as here presented 
give the impression that the development has been exceedingly favourable for Germany, 
but when we look into details, and especially when we examine in what directions the 
French trade of Germany has grown, the picture changes. The excess of imports from 
Germany as compared with the previous year consists principally of agricultural produce. 
French imports of cereals from Germany amounted to 94,3 millions, as compared with 
only 25,7 millions in the previous year. This item alone shows a gain which almost 
equals that of the total increase of imports. On the other hand, manufactured articles 
show a long list of decreases. French imports from Germany fell in ceramic products 
from 44 to 37 millions, in cotton tissues from 28 to 25, in linen underwear and other 
articles of clothing from 5 to 3, in manufactured furs from 46 to 38, in genuine jewelry 
from 9 to 6, in sham-jewelry from 39 to 36 million francs. The imports from Germany 
have also decreased in the following departments: iron and steel, yarn, tissues of silk 
and wool, leather, watches, furniture, prepared colours, rubber goods, meerschaum 
goods and beer. 
In the case of most of the articles enumerated above there has never previously 
been any sign of diminished imports from Germany; it follows therefore that the 
measures which have lately been applied by the French Customs Department have not 
‘failed to be effective, and have seriously injured German export industry. 
The imports into and exports from France of essential oils and synthetic perfumes 
during the last three years have been as follows: — 
ESSENTIAE SOILS: 
Imports 1913 844500 kilos value Fr. 2827 100.—, 
PeIMOI2sy 959500054, y yo 28805004, 
FL Mths h988.9008.).1, ait: DiOST O00) 
Exports 1913 1426600, Beh ASZI8( 21600 
» 1912 1688400, (is? 3874000024 
pei tot £655300' oH 32/802. 000. 
SYNTHETIC PERFUMES: 
Imports 1913 113300 kilos value Fr. 1378000.—, 
1912 99000 ,, et 424000 
i 191# 224035007" & ee SDC 
Exports 1913 14800 _,, ‘: ss 164 000.—, 
A 1912 51900 ,, on eee OZ OOO 
- 1911 PFO ee ee OSOO0. 
A comparison of these figures with those relating to quantities and values for 
Germany (p. 9) offers many points of interest. 
Mention also deserves to be made of the fact that the vexatious practices of the 
French Customs officials, to which we have repeatedly referred in the past, have 
fortunately been abated to some extent lately, although occasionally unfounded objec- 
tions and, as a result thereof, disagreeable delays in the dispatch of goods, still occur. 
It is to be hoped that a knowledge will soon spread in French commercial circles of 
the fact to’ which the present French Under-Secretary of the Mercantile Marine, 
M. Maurice Ajam, calls attention in his excellent book “Le Probléme économique franco- 
allemand”. M. Ajam points out that in spite of the stirring-up of the chauvinist press, 
German imports of French merchandise have risen from 860 millions in 1910 to 
