il 
therein is converted into 7-cadinene only through the influence of hydrochloric acid. 
The fraction of the b. p. 155 to 165° (15 mm.) (do90 0,9720; ap + 22°; np 1,50702) 
contained a new tertiary sesquiterpene alcohol Ci;H2,.O, which the authors call 
cadinol. It splits off water readily, forming cadinene. Its dihydrochloride was identical 
. with that of cadinene. Cadinol itself readily forms a dihydrochloride, m. p. 117 to 118°. 
By means of platinum and hydrogen, cadinene regenerated from the hydrochloride as 
well as the one produced by splitting off water could be reduced to tetrahydrocadinene, 
_ the properties of which are as follows. Tetrahydrocadinene from regenerated cadinene: 
b. p. 125 to 128° (10 mm.); d20,50 0,8838; &p2,50 — 20°; Np»,50 1,48045. Tetrahydrocadinene 
from artificial cadinene: b. p. 125 to 128° (10 mm.); dis,s0 0,8846; @pis,50 — 15°; 
Npis,30 1,48221. Tetrahydrocadinene from dihydrochloride melting at 118°: b. p. 125 to 
128° (10 mm.); de1,50 — 52°; Np2i1,50 1,48094. 
The colour reaction indicated by Wallach') could be observed neither in the 
cadinene regenerated from its dihydrochloride, nor in the one obtained from cadinol by 
_ splitting off water. On the other hand, a cadinene fraction distilled from copaiba oil 
showed the blue coloration. Semmler and Jonas suspect that the blue colour is due to, 
or caused by, an admixture, and cannot be considered a characteristic of cadinene. 
SCIENTIFIC NOTES ON ESSENTIAL OILS. 25 
Geranium Oil. D. R. Mason?) describes the cultivation of the geranium plant 
and the production of geranium oil in Algeria. There is nothing essentially new in 
_ the paper, requiring anything but the mention of the treatise in question. 
In Mason’s opinion it might, perhaps, be possible to start geranium plantations 
succesfully in southern California. 
Gurjun balsam Oil. From the examinations of Deussen and Philipp*) it was 
known that gurjun balsam oil contains the two sesquiterpenes, «- and $-gurjunene and 
that, by oxidation with permanganate of potassium in acetone solution gurjunene ketone 
results, characterized by its semicarbazone. This reaction was successfully made use | 
of in our laboratories in the determination of added gurjun balsam oil in otto of roses’). 
- - Further particulars concerning the properties and derivatives of the sesquiterpenes of 
gurjun balsam oil may be found in a very elaborate paper by F. W. Semmler, ~ 
K. E. Spornitz and W. Jakubowicz*), who found that crude gurjunene consists, to the 
extent of about 67 p.c., of strongly laevo-rotatory tricyclenegurjunene (a-gurjunene) and 
of about 33 p.c. strongly dextro-rotatory tricyclic gurjunene, of the cedrene type. In 
order to produce this tricyclogurjunene (8-gurjunene) in a pure form, crude gurjunene 
was treated with chromic acid in glacial acetic acid solution, in which process the 
original laevo-rotation («) —55°) was converted into dextro-rotation. Presumably the 
chromic acid decomposes the laevo-rotatory hydrocarbon first, after which the dextro- 
rotatory parts are attacked. By repeating the oxidation, in the last place with per- 
manganate of potassium in acetone solution, a fraction was obtained which showed the 
following properties after distillation over sodium: b. p. 120to 123° (13 mm.). d 0,9348; 
Gy -+-74,5°; np 1,50275. This is the pure, dextro-rotatory tricyclic gurjunene of the 
cedrene type, which the authors call tricyclogurjunene; in the course of oxidation of 
_ this sesquiterpene, with chromic acid as well as with permanganate of potassium, a con- 
siderable percentage of the gurjunene ketone, described by Deussen and Philipp, was 
1) Blue coloration when shaking a solution of cadinene in chloroform or glacial acetic acid with one 
drop of concentrated sulphuric acid. Liehigs Annalen 238 (1887), 87. — 2) Americ. Perfumer 9 (1914), 192. — 
*) Liebig’s Annalen 369 (1909), 56; 374 (1910), 105; Report April 1910, 146; October 1910, 71. — 4) Report 
April 1912, 109. — +5) Berl. Berichte 47 (1914), 1029, 1141. 
