' ; SCIENTIFIC NOTES ON ESSENTIAL OILS. 31 
derivative, and therefore the mother-liquors as well, were not homogenous bodies. It 
would appear, therefore, that in the oxidized hydrocarbon fraction yet another hydro- 
carbon is present, apart from considerable quantities of d-«-pinene and traces of 
inactive pinene. Fractions of the b.p. 159 to 162°, in which @-pinene or sabinene 
might have been suspected, yielded only oxalic acid upon oxidation with permanganate, 
instead of the oxidation-products characteristic for these bodies. 
In the lowest boiling fractions, therefore, d-«-pinene occurs chiefly, besides traces 
of inactive «-pinene; moreover, there appears to be present yet another terpene, which 
could not be characterized so far. 
- Musk seed Oil, see Ambrette seed Oil, p. 7. 
Neroli Oil. According to informations of an American contemporary’), the pro- 
duction of neroli oil and orange flower water in Tunis is confined to the district of 
Nabeul, where from 200000 Ibs. of orange flowers about 200 Ibs. neroli oil and 74000 
to 85000 quarts of orange flower water are distilled annually. These products are 
disposed of in Tunis as well as abroad, more especially in France. Statistically nothing 
is known about the exports, as the Customs authorities include neroli oil in one figure 
along with other oils. 
Oil of Ocimum pilosum. Kshitibhusan Bhaduri?) reports on the oil of Ocimum 
pilosum, Roxb.*) (N. O. Labiatae). It is contained in fresh seeds as well as in the leaves, 
but not in dried seeds. In the author’s opinion this is due to the very volatile oil 
evaporating or resinifying when the seeds are dried. It is a pale yellow, very mobile 
liquid which smells almost exactly like lemongrass oil; on evaporation it leaves a 
resinous residue. The properties are: d25500,8872; % —3,7°; npeiso 1,4843. It contains 
34 p.c. of citral and 41 p.c. of citronellal (characterized by the condensation products 
with pyruvic acid and ¢-naphthylamine), cineol (green, glossy crystals upon addition 
of a solution of iodine in iodide of potassium), limonene (characterized by its constants 
and the colour reaction with ferric chloride and hydrochloric acid), thymol and further- 
more some high-boiling fractions, b. p 205 to 230°. On being shaken with an aqueous 
solution of sodium sulphite and sodium carbonate, 75 p.c. of the oil were absorbed. 
Orris Oil. Some little while ago a sample of liquid orris oil was submitted to 
us for analysis; its properties were found to differ materially from those of a normal oil. 
Its constants were: dis0 0,9644; up +12°14’; np»o 1,49383; acid v. 0,6; ester v. 96,1. 
Insoluble in 10 volumes of 80 p.c. alcohol; soluble in 0,2 vol. and more of 90 p.c. alcohol. 
For liquid orris oil, Gildemeister*) gives the following values: diso 0,93 to 0,94; 
ay + 14 to + 30°; np»o about 1,495; acid v. 1 to 8; ester v. 20 to 40; soluble in 
1 to 1,5 vol. and more of 80 p.c. alcohol. 
As will be seen, specific gravity as well as ester value of the sample were higher, 
rotation and acid value lower, and solubility worse, than required of a pure orris oil. Closer 
examination showed the sample to have been adulterated with about 50 p.c. of castor oil. 
When distilled with steam, about 40 p.c. passed over, showing the following 
figures: dis0 0,9600; #) + 20°20’; acid v. 0,3; ester v. 5,6. Insoluble in 10 volumes of 
1) Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter 86 (1914), No. 4, p. 36. — 2) Journ. Americ. Chem. Soc. 86 (1914), 1772. — 
*) According to the Index Kewensis Ocimum pilosum, Willd. is synonymous with O. Bastlicum, L. O. pilosum, 
Roxb. does not occur in the Index. — *) Gildemeister and Hoffmann, 7'e Volatile Oils, 2-4 ed., vol. I, p. 270. 
